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Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears

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Title: Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears


1
Indian Removal and the Trail of Tears
  • Jackson -
  • William Henry Harrison

2
Civilizing the Tribes
  • 125,000 Native Americans still remained east of
    Mississippi
  • Whites attempted to civilize the Natives
  • Promote literacy
  • Private property
  • Alphabet
  • Agriculture
  • Cotton
  • Slaveholding
  • Constitution
  • 5 Civilized Tribes Creeks, Choctaws,
    Chickasaws, Seminoles, and Cherokees

3
Changing the Lines
  • 1790s tribes were separate nations and land was
    acquired by treaties
  • By the early 1800s whites redrew boundaries
    whenever they wanted

4
Cherokee Indians
  • Lived peacefully in the Appalachian Mountains of
    Georgia and Tennessee
  • Adopted culture of whites - wrote and spoke
    English
  • Had own written language and newspaper
  • Based their government on the U.S. Constitution

5
Worchester v. Georgia
  • Supreme Court ruled the Cherokee were a Domestic
    Dependent Nation
  • They didnt have to listen to the state, but they
    did have to listen to the federal govt
  • Marshall ruled that GA couldnt take Cherokee
    Lands
  • Jackson Marshall can rule, but lets see him
    enforce it.

6
President Andrew Jackson
Chief Justice John Marshall has made his
decision. Now let him enforce it.
  1. What is the job of the Supreme Court?
  2. What is the job of the President?
  3. What should happen if a government official
    refuses to do his job?

7
Black Hawk War
  • 1827 - US govt says all Native Americans must
    leave Illinois
  • Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk refuses, saying no
    one can own land
  • US settlers moved into village when they were
    away hunting
  • After Sauk attacks, US troops drive out Indians

8
Indian Removal Act
  • President Jackson pushes Congress to force
    Indians to move west of the Mississippi
  • Congress established Indian Territory (now
    Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland
  • US govt creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

9
John C. Calhoun
One of the greatest evils to which they
(Indians) are subject is the incessant (constant)
pressure of our population.
  1. According to John C. Calhoun, why is the US
    government forcing the Native Americans to move
    off of their homelands?
  2. What is wrong with this statement?

10
Trail of Tears
  • Georgia govt. smashes in Cherokee printing press
  • US troops move 15,000-18,000 Cherokee at gunpoint
    800 miles from 1838-1839
  • 25 of Cherokee died - most elderly and children

11
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12
  • WAS THE TRAIL OF TEARS AMERICAS GENOCIDE?

13
King Andrew v. Whigs
  • Whig Party anti Jackson chose name to
    recollect American opposition to a monarch
  • Members
  • Anti Jackson
  • Support Clays American System
  • Southerners who wanted nullification
  • Northern industrialists and merchants
  • Evangelical Protestants of the Anti Masonics
  • Sectionalism?

14
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15
Whigs
  • Progressive Thinkers
  • Support active govt
  • Internal improvements
  • Institutions (prisons and schools)

16
Martin Van Buren v. WhigsElection of 1836
  • Martin Van Buren Walking in Jacksons boots
  • Whigs couldnt nominate a single presidential
    candidate

17
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18
Van Buren As President
  • Democrats resented him
  • Couldnt fill Jacksons boots
  • Wanted to remain neutral

19
Panic of 1837
  • Speculation
  • Wildcat Banks
  • Jacksons finance
  • Failure of crops
  • Martin Van Ruin

20
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21
Election of 1840
  • William Henry Harrison
  • War Hero
  • Old Tippecanoe
  • Log Cabin and Hard Cider
  • FFV of Virginia
  • Martin Van Buren
  • Current President of hard times
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