HISTORY - INDIA

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HISTORY - INDIA
LESSON 4
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Indus River Valley Civilizations

• Dravidian Era (3000 B.C. - 1500 B.C.)
• dark skinned people (Dravidians)
• no written records artifacts for studying
• polytheistic worshipped animals
• CLOSE TO RIVER
• Food
• transportation

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Invasions and Integration (mixing)

• Aryans fair skin
• racist no mixing w/ Dravidians
• create caste system
• stories (Vedas) - passed down by oral tradition
• stories later written in Sanskrit

Dravidian
Aryan
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Quick Quiz

1. Why would a civilization appear near to a river?
2. How are Aryans different from Dravidians?
3. What is a Veda?

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Muslim Mongols (Mughals)

• Muslim Empire (750 1500)
• lower castes embraced Islam
• Gave rise to Sikhs Muslims with adaptations of
  Hinduism
• Mughal Empire (1200s)
• Most famous Shah Jihan
• Taj Mahal to Mumtaz Mahal
• (she had died after 14th child)

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Quick Quiz

1. Describe what the Taj looks like.
2. What IS the Taj Mahal?
3. How many people are IN the Taj today?

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European Invasion

• 1. Age of European Imperialism (1500s 1947)
• 1498 Portugal
• 1707 Dutch East India company
• French Mississippi Company
• British East India Company took Western Cities
  of India
• hired SEPOYS to help in fight (Indian
  soldiers)
• 1857 Sepoys rebelled led to general rebellion
• 2. Britain annexed India
• Queen Victoria became EMPRESS VICTORIA
• Next 100 yrs British ruled India
• forced Indian farmers to grow cash crops

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European Dominance of India
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European Interest Trade with India
SPICES
TEA
OPIUM
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Indian Assimilation
Schools, hospitals, roads, railroads Cash
Crops English Language
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Rebellion by Indians
Sepoy Rebellion, 1857

• Sepoys were Indians hired to be soldiers
• British merchants hired them for protection
• British government started using them as military
• Sepoys rebelled
• The guns were loaded with cartridges
• Cartridges were coated with animal fat
• Indians didnt want to bite into animals

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English Annexation of India
(Start of the British Raj)
1858-1947

• Britain saw the danger of trusting Sepoys as
  their main military in India
• British government annexed India
• Goal greater control
• This ended Indian independence
• Indians would now be treated as slaves

Empress Victoria
Queen Victoria
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Quick Quiz

1. What nation came to annex India?
2. What was a Sepoy?
3. Who is Victoria (to India)?

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Indian Independence

• Indian Independence (1910-1947)
• 1920s Mohandas Gandhi organized mass
  mobilization
• Complete non-cooperation with British
• 1940s Muslims demanded their own nation
  Civil War
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• 1947 (15 August) two nations formed
• 10,000,000 uprooted by partition
• 1 mil. Deaths in civil war
• Expulsions, riot, killings, refugees, racism
• Kashmir still not settled

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Indian Nationalism
Salt March
Mohandas Gandhi (Mahatma) Civil
Disobedience Shame British into leaving Dressed
like a commoner
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Disaster in the Indian Nationalism

• AMRITSAR MASSACRE British troops open-fired on
  peaceful Indian protesters
• In 10 min.,
• 379 were killed
• 1,100 were
• wounded

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Indian Independence
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Quick Quiz

1. What did Gandhi do for Indians in India?
2. What type of attack did he encourage?
3. What two sides fought in the Civil War?

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Modern India
Jawaharlal Nehru 1947-1964
Rajiv Gandhi Son of Indira 1984-1989
Indira Gandhi Daughter of Nehru 1955-1977.
1980-1984 assassinated
Dr. Manmohan Singh 2004-present