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Vital Signs

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Vital Signs Objective: - Students will be able to assess the vital signs - Students will be able to explain what is being assessed when checking the vital signs What ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vital Signs


1
Vital Signs
2
Objective- Students will be able to assess
the vital signs- Students will be able to
explain what is being assessed when checking the
vital signs
3
What are the Vital Signs
  • Measurements of the body's most basic functions.
  • Vital to life
  • If one or more is missing or compromised
    medical emergency
  • Vital signs are useful in detecting or monitoring
    medical problems

4
The Vital Signs
  • Heart Rate (Pulse)
  • Breathing Rate (Respiration)
  • Blood Pressure
  • Temperature

5
Pulse
  • Heart Rate
  • Each pulse represent the beat of your heart
  • The pulse rate may fluctuate and increase with
    exercise, illness, injury, and emotions
  • Average resting heart rate
  • 60 to 100 bpm (beats per minute)
  • Adults (60-80 bpm)
  • Child (80-100 bpm)
  • Lance Armstrong 3234 bpm

6
Body Temperature
  • The normal body temperature of a person varies
    depending on gender, recent activity, food and
    fluid consumption, time of day, and, in women,
    the stage of the menstrual cycle.
  • According to the AMA
  • Normal body temp 97.8 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit
    (normal is often considered 98.6)

7
Places to take the Temperature
  • Oral mouth
  • Aural ear
  • Axillary armpit
  • Rectal rectum
  • most accurate rectal
  • Least accurate - Axillary

8
Problems with body temp.
  • Fever above 100
  • Hypothermia below 95

9
How to check your pulse
  • Using the first and second fingertips, press
    firmly but gently on the arteries until you feel
    a pulse.
  • Begin counting the pulse when the clock's second
    hand is on the 12.
  • Count your pulse for 60 seconds (or for 15
    seconds and then multiply by four to calculate
    beats per minute).
  • When counting, do not watch the clock
    continuously, but concentrate on the beats of the
    pulse.

10
What are you feeling?
  • Superficial arteries expanding as blood passes
    through them
  • Expulsion of blood from the heart
  • Pulse Locations

11
Neck (carotid Pulse)
12
(No Transcript)
13
Wrist (Radial Artery)
14
other pulses
  • Any superficial artery
  • Popliteal behind knee
  • Femoral groin
  • Dorsi Pedis foot
  • Brachial Armpit

15
Using the heart rate
  • Max HR 220 minus your age
  • Multiply that number by .65 65 of max
  • Multiply that number by .85 85 of max
  • 65 - 85 is the training zone
  • Figure out yours..

16
Respiration Rate
  • Harder to assess than heart rate
  • Watch the chest rise and fall
  • 12 to 18 breaths a minute is considered normal
  • More than 25 and less than 12 breaths a minutes
    is considered abnormal

17
Respiratory Distress
  • Labored breathing or difficulty breathing is a
    medical emergency
  • Partial or Complete Airway Obstruction
  • Contact EMS
  • CPR

18
Blood Pressure
  • The pressure exerted by circulating blood on the
    walls of blood vessels
  • Sphygmomanometer instrument used to assess BP
  • Normal
  • 90/60 mm/Hg to 120/80 mm/Hg

19
  • http//www.youtube.com/watch?vluppKLO74vg
  • Systolic pressure is the pressure of the blood
    flow when the heart beats
  • First sound heard
  • Diastolic pressure is the pressure between
    heartbeats
  • Last sound is heard

20
BP measurements
  • Optimal less than 120 / less than 80
  • Normal less than 135 / less than 85
  • High 130-139 / 85-89
  • Hypertension 140 or higher / 90 or higher
  • Hypotension lt90 / lt60
  • Low Blood Pressure

21
High Blood Pressure
  • Causes the heart to work harder
  • Leaves the heart and the arteries more prone to
    injury
  • High Blood Pressure increases the risk of heart
    attack, stroke, damage to the eyes, kidney
    failure, atherosclerosis and congestive heart
    failure.

22
Causes of High Blood Pressure
  • Heredity
  • Race (African Americans are more likely to
    develop high blood pressure)
  • Males (men have a greater chance of developing
    high blood pressure than women until age 55. 
    However, at over the age of 75, women are more
    likely to develop high blood pressure than men). 
  • Sodium sensitivity (salt)
  • Obesity and overweight
  • Heavy alcohol consumption
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Diabetics or individuals with gout or kidney
    disease
  • Age (the older people get, the more prone to high
    blood pressure)
  • Some medications

23
Other vital signs to check
  • Pupil response
  • PEARL (Pupils Equal And Responsive to Light)
  • constricted pupils injury to the central
    nervous system and/or intake of depressant drugs
  • dilated pupils head injury, shock, hemorrhage
    and/of intake of stimulant drug
  • Level of Consciousness
  • APVU Scale http//www.youtube.com/watch?vPGrahDeh
    ZFc
  • Alert / Pain / Voice / Unresponsive
  • Sensory Changes
  • Bilateral comparison

24
  • Skin Color
  • Weakness (Bilateral Comparison)

25
Normal Vital Signs for Adults(according to
Medline Plus)
  • Blood pressure 90/60 mm/Hg to 120/80 mm/Hg
  • Breathing 12 - 18 breaths per minute
  • Pulse 60 - 100 beats per minute
  • Temperature 97.8 - 99.1 degrees Fahrenheit /
    average 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit
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