1.2.1b Substance and the sportsperson

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1.2.1b Substance and the sportsperson
Learning objectives
To understand the effect of smoking and alcohol
on the performer To understand why sportspeople
take drugs. To identify the main categories of
drugs, who might take them, their effects and
side effects.
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Steroid- Stanozol
THG
What do all these have in common?
NANDROLONE
THG
NANDROLONE
NANDROLONE
NANDROLONE
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Performance enhancing drugs
The rewards that come with winning are so great
that athletes are increasingly temped to cheat
with the use of drugs.
Why do sportspeople take drug?
Case study Probably the earliest the British
public were made aware of their own athletes
taking drugs to enhance their performance was, in
the 1960's, when the death was announced of Tommy
Simpson one of Britain's greatest cyclists during
the Tour de France.
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Examples of drug use

• Six months ban for jockey over cocaine use
  28/01/05
• US Open winner Kuznetsova in positive drug test
  claim
• Police raid L'Equipe over Cofidis doping scandal
  14/01/05
• Juventus players caught for taking nandrolone
• Dwain Chambers tests positive for THG
• 1998 tour de France scandal

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The I.O.C. attempt to keep sport clean. They
produce a list of banned substances. Prohibited
drugs are classified in 6 categories.
Remember B.A.N.D.S.P.
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Beta blockers
e.g. Atenolol (Alcohol has a similar effect)
The beta-blocker drugs 'sit' on receptors and
stop ('block') the receptor from being stimulated.
Effect slows heart rate, calms and steadies hands
Athletes Shooting (target sports), Snooker
Side effects Reduces heart rate so low that
heart may stop, low blood pressure and causes
tiredness
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Anabolic steroids
Artificially produced testosterone (MALE HORMONE).
Effect Repair body tissues after stress, promote
muscle growth, ability to train harder with less
fatigue
Athletes Athletics (power events) e.g. ....
100m, Shot Putt
Side effects Females develop male features.
Liver heart damage.
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Narcotic Analgesics
PAIN KILLERS - (paracetamol, morphine,
methadone, heroin)
Effect Reduces pain or an injury
Athletes All events
Side effects Nausea, highly addictive, serious
injury
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Diuretics
Remove fluid from the body.
Effect Rapid weight loss
Athletes Boxers, Jockeys
Side effects Dehydration, Dizziness or light
headed
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Stimulants
Stimulate the body physically and mentally. (Tea,
Coffee, Cocaine)
Effect Reduces tiredness, increased alertness
endurance
Athletes Any event with a sprint start, Boxing,
Side effects Raise blood pressure, hide symptoms
of fatigue addictive
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Peptide Hormones
Naturally occurring hormones can be synthesised
in a laboratory (EPO) - EPO is a hormone which
controls red blood cell production.
Effect Increase oxygen transport (? endurance)
Athletes Cycling, marathon runners (endurance
athletes)
Side effects blood clots cardiovascular
problems
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Are these elite athletes or undetected drug
cheats?
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Smoking and Alcohol
Smoking and consuming alcohol is legal but
becoming less socially acceptable (smoking ban
2007). Both have harmful side effects and can
effect performance capacities.
Nicotine is taken into the blood stream through
smoking. It is an addictive drug, which raises
the heart rate and blood pressure
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There are other ways smoking can damage health
Lung cancer tars are deposited in the lungs,
making them less efficient and can lead to cancer
Increased risk of heart disease
Carbon monoxide reduces the effectiveness of the
oxygen-carrying capacity of haemoglobin. -
therefore reduced levels of fitness
Throat cancer
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Alcohol
Small quantities of alcohol are not harmful to
general health, but it does affect performance in
sport. It slows reactions and affects judgement.
Alcohol contains the chemical ethanol, which acts
on the brain.
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Further effects
Balance, co-ordination and reactions are affected
Diuretic alcohol can increase water levels in
urine and cause dehydration
Loss of body heat increased blood flow to the
skin causes loss of heat
Reduction of glycogen levels and slower lactic
acid removal
Judgement affected leading to accidents
Aggressive behaviour