Higher Geography

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Higher Geography

• URBAN GEOGRAPHY

http//www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzon
e/clips/7811/
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Task Using a local map try to identify the site
factors for Peebles.
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The influence of geology on our
landscape Duration 0442 Modern digital terrain
model technology is transforming our perceptions
of geology and the influence of rock type on both
the physical and human landscape.
http//www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/learningzon
e/clips/7771/
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Task - Copy these notes
Site and Situation The location and growth of an
settlement depended upon its site and situation.
The site was the actual place where people
decided to locate their settlement. The growth of
that settlement then depended upon its situation
in relation to accessibility and availability of
natural resources.

• Site Factors
• Bridging point
• Dry point
• (away from flood risks)
• Nodal point
• Defensive
• Wet point
• (reliable water supply)
• building materials
• (stone or wood)
• fertile land
• shelterered from winds

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Barcelona's Site and Situation
Barcelona's Site and Situation
Task Using Google Earth or an Atlas try to confirm the following for Barcelona's Site and Situation Task Using Google Earth or an Atlas try to confirm the following for Barcelona's Site and Situation
Site Situation
Hill for defence Reliable water supply for drinking and power Fertile farmland Flat land for building Sheltered by hills to the north South-facing slope Natural harbour Construction material Bridging point Port Route Centre Limestone quarries Close to wealthy NW European markets
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Function of settlements
RURAL 19th Century (MEDC) 20th Century (MEDC) 20th Century (LEDC)
Market - Farming Mining Administration Administration
Route Centre Manufacturing Manufacturing Market - Farming
Small Service Town Route Centre Route Centre Route Centre or port
Defensive Religious Service Mining
Dormitory and Overspill Trade / Commerce Commercial Commercial
Cultural / Religious Service
Resort / Recreation
Residential
New Towns
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Classification of Settlements
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Central Place Theory

• Central Place Theory suggests that there is a
  pattern in the distribution and location of
  settlements of different sizes, and also, in the
  ways in which they provided services to people
  living within their sphere of influence.
• The ideal shape for the sphere of influence of a
  central place is circular, as then the distance
  from it to all points on the boundary is equal.
• BUT circles leave some areas without services
  and some are served by more than one central
  place.
• Hexagons are used instead in order to fully (and
  equally) cover the whole area.

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Central Place Theory
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Urbanisation

• Urbanisation is an increase in the proportion of
  people living in urban areas (towns and cities).
• On a world scale this has happened twice
• In MEDCs during the 19th century due to
  industrialisation.
• In LEDCs since the 1950s due to a high natural
  increase and migration from rural to urban areas.

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Terminology

• Urbanisation Growth of cities and towns
• Suburbanisation People and industries move out
  to the edge of towns and cities
• Counter-urbanisation Movement of industry and
  people to small settlements outside urban areas.
• Re-urbanisation The movement of industry and
  people back into urban areas (left abandoned
  after industrial closure or suburbanisation)

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Worlds Largest Cities - 2006
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Most populated urban areas
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Task

• Answer the following questions
• 1 Describe the location of the worlds major
  cities.
• 2 Describe how the location of the worlds
  largest cities has changed between 1900 and 2000.

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Counterurbanisation

• Urbanisation is now in decline in some MEDCs and
  has been replaced by counterurbanisation.
• People are now moving back out of cities to rural
  areas because of problems such as crime,
  unemployment, traffic congestion and social
  problems such as vandalism.
• Many people still work in the city but live in
  the cleaner environment of the countryside. For
  example in dormitory towns and commuter
  settlements.