War of 1812

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War of 1812

• British v U.S.

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Causes

• British blockade of Europe- U.S. ships seized
• Impressment-forcing Americans into British Navy
• Chesapeake Incident-Br. Attack after refusal to
  allow search killing 3 wounding 18
• U.S. Embargo backfires, hurting U.S. economy
• British supply Native Americans with guns
• War Hawks-senators from the west want
  protection from Native attack

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Chesapeake v ShannonOn June 1st 1813 the USS
Chesapeake is captured and attacked by the
British Shannon.
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Tecumseh the prophet-unites tribes
The Great Spirit gave this great land to his red
children -Tecumseh
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Battle of Tippecanoe

• On November 7, 1811, then-Governor William
  Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnee warriors at
  the Battle of Tippecanoe in what is now the state
  of Indiana.

Memorial at battlefield

• We learn the British are supplying Natives with
  guns

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War Hawks- Democratic-Republican members of
Congress who advocated war against Britain,
typically from Southern and Western states
On to Canada
Wanting to rid the British from threatening
the U.S, this became the rally cry.
John C. Calhoun South Carolina
Henry Clay Kentucky
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Mr. Madisons War

• Shaky start for both the U.S. and Britain neither
  country quite prepared for battle
• The war was conducted in four theatres of
  operations
• The Atlantic Ocean
• The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier
• The coast of the United States
• The Southern States

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The Atlantic Ocean

• USS Constitution defeats the Guerriere July
  12,1812 outside Boston
• Most early Naval Battles here ended in U.S.
  victory due to heavier guns and an overworked
  Royal Navy

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Great Lakes

• Fighting in this region went back and forth until

• We have met
• the enemy and
• they are ours.
• Oliver Hazard Perry,
• after victory on
• Lake Erie, ensuring
• American control
• there.

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Canadian Frontier

• Battle of Thames
• Badly outnumbered, the British and Indian allies
  are defeated.
• End to unity among Native tribes

Oct. 5th 1813, Tecumseh Is killed by Richard M.
Johnson
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Coast of the U.S.

• British Blockade the Coast
• Strategic Point- Chesapeake Bay
• British thrash American militia and enter
  Washington D.C.
• Set fire to nearly all public buildings including
  White House and the Capitol
• Madison fled to Virginia, low point of war

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Burning the Capitol

• Burned out shell of the White House

Dolly Madison Saves Washingtons portrait
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Baltimore Harbor

• U.S. troops were able to defend Fort McHenry,
  British troops withdrew from Chesapeake Bay
• Frances Scott Key-lawyer negotiating release of a
  prisoner of war was inspired by events and wrote
  a poem of what he saw

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Southern States

• Andrew Jackson v Creek Indian at Horseshoe Bend
  (Alabama)

We speak of the War of 1812, but in truth there
were two wars. The war between the Americans and
the British ended with the treaty of Ghent. The
war between the Big Knives American
frontiersmen and the Indians began at
Tippecanoe, and arguably did not run its course
until the last Red Sticks were defeated in the
Florida swamps in 1818 (Sugden 401).

• This battle was more related to control over
  southern land than a Creek/British alliance

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Battle of New Orleans

• British Navy breaks through little resistance at
  the mouth of the Mississippi
• Jackson sets up defensive position 8 miles down
  river
• Jackson engages the British in battle with
  minimal losses forcing the British to stall their
  attack
• With reinforcements of heavy artillery and
  earthworks the U.S. troops outlast the British
  ammo.
• British were never able to scale the earthworks
  and withdrew forces confirming U.S. victory

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Andrew Jackson commanding American troops.
Engraving by H. B. Hall after W. Momberger.
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Battle Map of New Orleans
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Treaty of Ghent

• Signed by U.S. and British Christmas Eve 1814,
  about 2 weeks before the battle of New Orleans
  came to an end.
• Armistice-agreement to end the fighting

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British and U.S. resolve issues from the war
Was it worth it?

• 1815 treaty reopened trade with out the fear of
  impressment
• 1817 Rush-Bagot treaty limited war ships on the
  Great Lakes reducing fear of attack
• 1818 northern boundary of Louisiana decided at
  49th parallel and a 10 year joint occupation of
  Oregon Territory

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• The War of 1812 unites America and rushes in a
  period of Nationalism,
• also known as
• The Era Of Good Feelings.

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Recap- Causes and EffectsThe War of 1812

• Causes
• British Interfere with Am. Shipping
• British arm Native Americans, interfering with
  western expansion
• Southerners want Florida, which is owned by
  Britains ally, Spain
• War Hawks want to expel British completely from
  North America

• Effects
• Revealed need for strong standing army
• Encouraged American Nationalism
• Brought an end to the Federalist Party
• Shattered the strength of Native American
  Resistance
• Paved the way for American acquisition of Florida