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Aztecs Welcome to the Aztecs

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ALL ABOUT AZTECS Your goal today is to be able to define: Aztecs, Tenochtitlan, Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. You should also be able to describe the encounter and ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Aztecs Welcome to the Aztecs


1
ALL ABOUT AZTECS
Your goal today is to be able to define Aztecs,
Tenochtitlan, Hernan Cortes, and Montezuma. You
should also be able to describe the encounter and
consequences of the conflict between the Spanish
and the Aztecs. Finally, you will be required to
describe the Aztec culture and tell how Cortes
and Montezuma affected the Aztecs.
2
WELCOME TO THE AZTECS
3
THEIR LOCATION
The Aztecs were a great nation of nomadic
warriors who traveled Mexico about 700 years ago
in search of a land to call their own.
4
THE EAGLE AND THE SNAKE
  • The Aztec chief had a dream in which their God
    appeared to him and declared that the Aztecs
    would build a great nation where the Eagle with a
    snake in its talons lands on a cactus.

5
THE ISLAND IN THE LAKE
  • The warriors searched for many days and came upon
    a lake. They were tired and hungry. They gazed
    out upon the lake and guess what they saw.
    Exactly!! A huge eagle swooped down and grabbed a
    snake in its talons and landed on a cactus that
    was on an island in the middle of the lake.

6
GREAT BUILDERS
  • The Aztecs began to build a great nation in the
    middle of a huge lake. They named their city,
    Tenochtitlan. It has been likened to Venice
    because of its great gardens and streams. They
    traveled by boat much like in Venice. It was a
    city built of gold.

7
THE AZTEC EDUCATION
  • The Aztecs were very educated. They were the
    first to create an advanced calendar that is more
    accurate than our own. They performed brain
    surgery. They were great in mathematics,
    architecture, building, astronomy, medicine,
    surgery, and farming.

8
THE AZTEC RELIGION
  • The Aztecs were very religious people. They
    worshipped many gods. They had a god for almost
    everything. The Aztecs believed that the moon and
    the sun were gods. They thought that the moon and
    the sun did battle every night and day.

9
THE AZTECS GODS
  • The Aztecs believed that in order to give the Sun
    power to defeat the moon and rise each morning,
    the Sun must have a blood sacrifice. They
    believed they must sacrifice a beating heart
    everyday.

10
THE AZTEC SACRIFICES
  • The Aztecs were forced to be at constant war to
    obtain prisoners to sacrifice. They captured them
    and held them for daily sacrifice. They were
    placed on a bench and their heart was cut out and
    placed in a stone statue of Chac-mool.

11
THE AZTEC WARFARE
  • The Aztecs were feared and hated by all of the
    other Indian tribes of Mexico.

12
THE ARRIVAL OF THE SPANISH
  • A man by the name of Hernán Cortez had heard of
    the infamous Aztecs. The Spanish were
    experiencing gold fever and Hernán Cortez agreed
    to come to the Americas and conquer the Aztecs
    and steal their gold.

13
THE CONQUEST OF THE AZTECS
  • The Spanish conquistadors landed in Mexico with
    approximately 300 men and 40 horses. They
    traveled Mexico and met with the Indians. Upon
    hearing how fierce the Aztecs were, Cortez men
    became scared and wished to return to Spain.
    Cortez became more greedy and burned his ships.
    This forced his men to fight or die.

14
THE AZTEC TRAITOR
  • Another Indian tribe gave Cortez a woman slave
    by the name of Malinche. She had been captured as
    a child by the Mayas. She was an Aztec and spoke
    many different languages because she had been
    traded by many different Indian tribes.

15
THE COMING OF THE AZTEC GOD
  • Malinche became infatuated with Cortez because
    he was the first person to treat her nicely in
    many years. She told Cortez that the Aztecs were
    awaiting their god, Quetzalcoatl, to return this
    year.

16
THE MEETING
  • According to Aztec legend, a tall white man had
    appeared and ruled and left the Aztecs after
    promising to return in 100 years to rule them
    again. Hernán Cortez was Spanish. He was a tall
    white man and he came to Tenochtitlan that exact
    year.

17
MONTEZUMA
  • Hernán Cortez presented himself to the Aztec
    leader, Montezuma, and claimed to be their
    returning God.

18
THE END OF THE AZTECS
  • Montezuma gave the Spaniards gifts of gold and
    welcomed them to his city. The Aztecs had never
    before seen horses and guns and wept with fear.
    They believed Hernán Cortez to be their long lost
    god.

19
HERNAN CORTEZ
  • Hernan Cortez and his men killed Montezuma. The
    Aztecs were horrified. They had given an enemy a
    key to the city. As they debated on whether
    Hernan was actually a god, disease spread
    throughout Tenochtitlan. One third of the Indians
    were stricken and died of small pox. The great
    Indian nation was weakened by disease and without
    a leader.

20
THE GREAT BATTLE
  • The Aztecs decided to kill the Spaniards
    however, they were sick with disease and without
    a leader. Still the Spaniards were out numbered
    one thousand to one. The Spanish then sent out
    messages to the other Indian tribes who hated the
    Aztecs, telling them that they had conquered the
    city and killed the leader. The other Indian
    tribes saw this as an opportunity to be rid of
    the Aztecs and came to help.

21
WHAT TO DO WITH THE GOLD?
  • The Aztecs quickly realized that they had no
    leadership. They were becoming sick with small
    pox and more and more other Indian tribes were
    coming to help the Spanish. While some were
    fighting the Spaniards, the Aztec people, men,
    women, and children worked and gathered up the
    gold throughout the city and piled it into boats.
    One by one they sunk those boats into the lake.

22
MEXICO CITY
  • The bulk of the Aztec gold was lost to the world.
    The great Aztec Empire fell. Mexico then built a
    great city on the site which used to be
    Tenochtitlan. Mexico City stands where the great
    Aztec city once lay. The gold is underneath
    Mexico City, which is currently the largest city
    in the world. The Aztec symbol is proudly flown
    on the Mexican flag and today the Mexican people
    view the Aztecs and not Cortez as national
    heroes.

23
CLOSING ACTIVITY
  • Throughout todays lesson you learned of the
    origin and the destruction of the Aztec people.
    How do you feel after listening to the story of
    how the Aztecs were conquered? How do you feel
    about the methods used by Cortes and his
    followers? Explain your answer.

24
All About the Incas
  • Your goal today is to be able to define the
    following key concepts Incas, Francisco Pizzaro,
    and Atahualpa. You should be able to describe the
    encounter and consequences of the conflict
    between the Spanish and the Incas.

25
Who were the Inca?
  • The Inca built their empire
  • in South America.
  • They started out as a small
  • clan that conquered nearby peoples.
  • Cuzco became their capital city
  • around the year 1200 CE.
  • After a series of emperors, the Inca
  • expanded throughout the Andes Mountain region.
  • They had an empire of over 12 million people
    living in present day Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia,
    Chile, Colombia, and Argentina.
  • The Inca originally did not have written records.
    Their history was passed down orally until the
    Spanish conquest.

26
Making a Living
  • The Inca economy was based on agriculture.
  • Most Inca were farmers.
  • They cultivated crops of corn, potatoes, squash,
    tomatoes, chili peppers, and cotton.
  • The Inca also raised animals such as dogs, guinea
    pigs, and alpacas.

27
Incan Social Structure
  • The Inca had a rigid social structure.
  • They were divided into two main classes nobles
    and farmers.
  • The farmers were the common people and were
    divide into ayullu. The ayullu were groups of
    families that lived together and shared crops,
    animals, and land. The Inca stayed in the ayullu
    for life.

28
Incan Government
  • The Inca government was very developed.
  • At the top was the emperor, who was believed to
    be a descendant of the sun god.
  • The emperor ruled with the help of bureaucrats,
    people who carried out orders. Many nobles worked
    with the emperor to carry out military and
    religious matters. Their government system also
    included governors and district governors.

29
The Conquest of the Incas
  • 10 years after conquest of Aztecs, Francisco
    Pizzaro led expedition to Peru
  • Pizzaro heard of fabulous wealth of Inca Empire
    hoped to win wealth for himself
  • Inca Empire already weakened by smallpox many
    killed, including emperor
  • Civil war had also broken out
  • 1532, new ruler, Atahualpa, agreed to meet with
    Spanish
  • Pizarro demanded Atahualpa accept Christianity,
    AND hand over the empire to Spain
  • Atahualpa refused
  • Spanish killed Atahualpa, destroyed Inca army,
    and took over the Inca empire

30
Correction and Addition
  • PopulationOver!!! 10 million
  • Aztec pyramids were used as temples

31
The Colombian Exchange
32
Columbian ExchangeWhat was it????
  • The widespread exchange of plants, animals, food,
    humans, disease and ideas.
  • Began with European arrival to the Western
    Hemisphere.

33
Columbian Exchange
  • Europe
  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • Sugar
  • Bananas
  • Pigs
  • Horses
  • Cattle
  • God
  • diseases
  • Americas
  • Potatoes
  • Beans
  • Maize (corn)
  • Tomatoes
  • turkeys

34
Animal Exchange
  • L.A. had no large domesticated animals
  • except for llamas.
  • UNTIL THIS TIME, THERE WERE NO HORSES IN THE
    AMERICAS.

35
Animal Exchange
  • Big impact on land use, economies and lifestyles.
  • The imported animals became the center of Latin
    America livestock industry.

36
SLAVERY COMES TO AMERICA
  • European officials governed American holdings.
  • Disease and mistreatment reduced the native
    population.
  • Reformers recommended replacing Native American
    laborers with imported African slaves.

37
African Slavery
  • Spain took slaves to the Caribbean.
  • Portugal took slaves to Brazil.
  • Cultural Influence (voodoo religion, mulattos,
    music, dance and art.
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