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Introduction Activity

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I know not with what weapons World War III will be fought, but I know World War IV will be fought with sticks and stones. Albert Einstein What does this quote ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction Activity


1
Introduction Activity
  • I know not with what weapons World War III will
    be fought, but I know World War IV will be fought
    with sticks and stones.
  • Albert Einstein
  • What does this quote imply about the regularity
    of war? What does this quote imply about the
    progression of weapons through the ages? Why,
    ultimately, do you think that WW IV would be
    fought with sticks and stones?

2
Weapons and Tactics of World War I
  • Mr. Lohman
  • 10th Grade Social Studies
  • Middletown High School
  • coachlohman_at_yahoo.com

3
Weapons and Tactics of World War I
  • Bolt-Action Rifle
  • Machine Gun
  • Artillery
  • Poisonous Gas
  • Zeppelin
  • Tanks
  • Planes
  • U-Boats
  • Trench Warfare
  • Assignments
  • Bibliography

4
Bolt-Action Rifle
  • Bolt-action rifles could fire up to 15 rounds per
    minute.
  • Rifles could hit targets up to 1,400 meters away.

5
Machine Gun
  • A machine gun would need 4-6 men to operate it.
  • The gun needed to be positioned on a flat surface
    in order to be fired.
  • A machine gun could fire up to 400 rounds per
    minute.
  • A machine gun had the fire power of approx. 100
    rifles.

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Artillery
  • Artillery refers to large-caliber, mounted field
    guns.
  • The caliber of a gun refers to the diameter of
    the barrel.

8
Artillery Shells
  • Artillery could fire shells distances of up to
    approx. 12,000 yards.
  • Artillery shells could weigh up to 900 lbs.
  • It could take up to 12 men to handle an artillery
    gun and load the shells.

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10
WWI Artillery in Action
11
Poisonous Gases
  • Poisonous gas was first used in WWI at the Battle
    of Ypers, 1915.
  • Gases could cause choking, blistering, vomiting,
    internal and external bleeding, blinding, a
    burning of lung tissue, and ultimately, death.
  • Gases were lobbed into enemy trenches, killing or
    disabling troops.

12
Poisonous Gases
  • Gases were often colorless and odorless, and it
    could take up to 12 hours for the gas to take
    effect.
  • It could take up to 5 weeks to die from gas
    poisoning.
  • Gas masks were eventually created to counter the
    effects of gas attacks.

13
Poisonous Gas in WWI
14
Zeppelins
  • Otherwise known as blimps, zeppelins were
    airships filled with hydrogen to keep them
    afloat.
  • Zeppelins weighed up to 12 tonnes.

15
Zeppelins
  • Zeppelins could travel at speeds of up to 136
    mph, and soar to heights of up to 4250 meters.
  • Machine guns were usually mounted on the
    airships, and they each carried over 4,000 lbs.
    of bombs.

16
Tanks
  • Tanks were armored vehicles that traveled on
    tracks, allowing it to cross many kinds of land.
  • Though tanks were used to cross over tough
    terrain, they were unable to cross trenches.
  • Tanks protected advancing troops across
    no-mans land.

17
Tanks
  • Early tanks needed a crew of about 3 men to
    operate the navigation and guns.
  • The first tanks could travel up to 3 MPH.
  • By the end of the war, tank crews had grown to 10
    men, and tanks achieved speeds of up to 4 MPH.

18
Planes
  • Planes were one- or two-seat propeller planes
    equipped with a machine gun.
  • Planes where first used as observation tools
    during battles.
  • Eventually bombs and cannons where added to the
    planes.
  • Pilots engaged in dogfights in the air in order
    to protect their men on the ground.

19
WWI Planes In Action
20
U-Boats
  • Underwater ships that capable of launching
    torpedoes, or guided underwater bombs.
  • Submarines ranged in length from about 200 feet
    (61 meters) to more than 550 feet (168 meters).
    Their rounded hulls were about 30 feet (9 meters)
    in diameter. More than 150 crew members can live
    and work in a large submarine.

21
U-Boats
  • In war, a submarine usually attacks from beneath
    the surface of the water. A submarine must remain
    underwater to be effective. Early submarines
    could not stay submerged for long periods. They
    had to surface every few hours for air for their
    engines and crews. Enemy planes and ships could
    then attack them.

22
U-Boats in Action
23
Trench Warfare
24
  • Trenches were elongated pits dug 6-8 ft. into the
    earth, and stretching out over hundreds of miles.
  • Trenches were only wide enough to allow two men
    to pass side-by-side.

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Trench Warfare
  • Duck Boards would line the bottom of the trench,
    to serve both as a place for the men to stand on
    the avoid enemy fire, and also to raise men above
    the mud, rats, blood, and bodily wastes that
    filled the bottom of the trench.
  • Parapets served as a rest for a gun, and the
    Parados protected the men from exploding shrapnel
    from behind the line.

29
Trench Warfare - Diagram
30
  • Barbed-wire was lined up in front of a trench to
    protect the men from attack.

31
Trench Warfare
  • Dugouts in the side of the trenches provided
    shelter for the men to live in, and protection
    from incoming artillery fire.

32
The entrance to a dugout
33
Trench Warfare Dugout
34
Trench Warfare
  • Three interlocking trench lines would be used a
    front line for attack and defense, a middle line
    of defense, and a rear line of reserves. An
    encampment of tents and hospitals would be
    located behind the third line. Men spent
    anywhere from one day to two weeks on the lines
    before given a day of rest.

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  • The distance between opposing trenches was called
    no-mans land. This distance could be as short
    as 30 meters, or as wide as 1 mile.

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Trench Warfare
  • On command, soldiers from a trench would charge
    across no-mans land and attempt to overrun the
    opponents trench.
  • Once one of the sides overran an opposing trench,
    the defeated would either be captured, or they
    would retreat to another set of trenches miles
    away to renew the battle over a new no-mans
    land.

39
A periscope would have been used to see the
enemy, without putting a soldier in the direct
line of fire.
40
Retrieving a dead soldier from no-mans
land

41
Trench Warfare
  • Weapons on the front included
  • Soldiers would commonly use rifles, bayonets,
    spades, clubs, shotguns, helmets, and grenades
  • Armies would use larger items such as machine
    guns, mortars, artillery, gas, barbed-wire,
    aircraft, and mines

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