Plant%20Diversity%20C9L1

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Plant DiversityC9L1

• Botany

the study of plants
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What is a plant?

• Living organisms which are eukaryotic and
  multicellular
• Have organized tissues
• Have plastids (such as chloroplasts - convert
  light energy to chemical energy)
• Have cell walls containing cellulose - provides
  support and protection

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Characteristics of Plants (cont.)

• A mature plant cell has one or two vacuoles that
  store a watery liquid called sap.

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Characteristics of Plants (cont.)

• Some plants are microscopic, while others are
  some of the largest organisms on Earth.

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Characteristics of Plants (cont.)

• Plants are producersorganisms that use an
  outside energy source, such as the Sun, to make
  their own food.

producer from Latin producer, means lead or
bring forth, draw out
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Characteristics of Plants (cont.)

• Plants make their own food, a simple sugar called
  glucose, during a process called photosynthesis.

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One reason the study of botany is so important to
man is
Because all the food eaten by man comes directly
or indirectly from green plants. About 2/3 of
the food we eat comes directly from plants and
1/3 comes from animals which eat plants.
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Ways Plants are Beneficial

• Provide most of man's food
• Release O2 needed by man and animals
• Plants are raw materials for many manufactured
  goods
• Plants are a source of beauty

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Misconceptions

• All green things are plants.
• All plants
• are green.
• All plants
• are
• autotrophic.

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• Evolutionists hypothesize that present-day land
  plants and green algae evolved from a common
  ancestor.
• The first land plants probably lived in moist
  areas.
• As land plants became more abundant, the amount
  of oxygen in the atmosphere increased because
  oxygen is a product of photosynthesis.

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• Evolutionists explain adaptation as the process
  where organisms become better suited for their
  environment or in other words if an organism
  lives in a cold environment they may grow fur or
  a thick layer of blubber to combat the cooler
  temperatures. Therefore, from this view the
  organisms that are better able to survive in a
  specific environment will have offspring better
  able to survive in that environment

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• and those that are not as well adapted to
  that environment will have offspring that will
  be out competed or selected against leaving less
  of their genes in the next generation. This view
  explains that each proceeding generation is
  bigger and better and will eventually evolve and
  take the place of the less suitable organisms.
  Those that did not develop these characteristics
  would freeze to death.

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• From a purely scientific standpoint, adaptations
  are features that suit an organism or species for
  its niche and habitat. However, from a
  creationists viewpoint we see adaptation as the
  natural God given variation that was designed by
  him to allow organisms to function effectively in
  a differing array of environments. This means
  that the creature was designed with plan and
  purpose to

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• function within the given environment.
  Creatures that live in cold environments have fur
  and blubber because that was part of Gods plan.
  From the Biblical view, all organisms were
  created with the genetic variability, to produce
  all the diversity seen within created kinds.
  Post-Flood events that isolated these creatures
  in a given environment caused specific traits to
  be more prominent due to death of creatures

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Plant Adaptations and Creation

• lacking the God given characteristics to live
  in that environment. This is the very reason why
  we see creatures all over the world that are
  similar, but live in different niches of a given
  habitat.

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Plant Diversities/Variations

• Many plants have a waxy, protective layer on
  their leaves, stems, and flowers called the
  cuticle.
• The cuticle slows the evaporation of water from a
  plants surface and provides some protection from
  insects.

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Plant Diversities/Variations (cont.)

• A rigid cell wall made of cellulose surrounds the
  cell membrane in a plant cell.

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Plant Diversities/Variations (cont.)

• Cellulose is an organic compound made of chains
  of glucose molecules.
• Many land plants also produce a chemical compound
  called lignin which strengthens cellulose and
  makes it more rigid.

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Plant Diversities/Variations (cont.)

• In some plants such as mosses, water and
  nutrients can move from cell to cell by the
  processes of osmosis and diffusion.

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Plant Diversities/Variations (cont.)

• Other plants such as grasses and trees have
  specialized tissues called vascular tissue.
• Vascular tissue is composed of tubelike cells
  that transport water and nutrients in some
  plants.

Brand X Pictures/PunchStock
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Plant Diversities/Variations (cont.)

• Water carries the reproductive cells of aquatic
  plants from plant to plant.
• Some plants have water-resistant seeds or spores
  that are part of their reproductive process.
• Seeds and spores move through environments in
  different ways, including animals and
  environmental factors such as wind and water.

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Plant Classification

• Members of the plant kingdom are organized into
  groups called divisions.
• Like all organisms, each plant has a two-word
  scientific name.

imagebroker/Alamy
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Plant Classification
One of the traits used in classifying plants is
the presence or absence of vascular tissue.
Xylem and phloem are the most familiar, but there
are others.
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Vascular plants plants that have vascular
tissue. Nonvascular plants plants that do not
have vascular tissue.
Do you think that plants without vascular tissues
are tall or short? Why?
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Another important trait used to classify plants
is whether they produce seeds.
Nonvascular plants seedless and reproduce by
producing gametes in one stage of their life
cycle and spores.
Vascular plants some reproduce by gametes and
spores others by gametes and seeds.
Seedless plants do not have flowers.
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Plant Classification (cont.)

• Some seed plants have flowers that produce fruit
  with one or more seeds, but others, such as pine
  trees, produce their seeds in cones.

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The 3 Major categories of plants