Title: Muslim%20
1Muslim Mongol Empires
2- I. Rise of Islam monotheistic religion centered
in the Middle East (people who follow Islam are
called Muslims)
3- A. Muhammad- in 610 became prophet of God
(Allah), by 622 he and his followers expelled
from Arabian city of Mecca
4- 1. In 630 Muhammad followers defeat Mecca, all
of Arabia converted to Islam by Muhammads death
in 632 AD
5- 2. Islamic faith- holy book Quran, built
mosques, emphasis on jihad (holy war),
traditional values
6Al-Haram Mosque (Saudi Arabia)
7Kaaba
8Dome of the Rock Mosque (Israel/Palestine)
9Interior of the Dome of the Rock Mosque
10- B. Spread of Islam- successors to Muhammad called
caliphs (powerful religious/political/military
leaders) - 1. Umar leads Arab armies that
- convert/conquer the Middle East, North
- Africa, India, Spain
11Expansion of Islam
12The Franks battle the Muslims at the battle of
Tours in 732 AD
13- C. Division- Umars successors murdered, Islam
broken into 2 branches Sunni Shiah
14- 1. Sunni- believed best man should be selected
caliph
2. Shiah- wanted only descendents of the first
caliphs to lead the faith
15Think About It...
- Based on what you know, which branch of Islam
(Sunni/ Shiah) do you think has more members
today? Why?
16- D. Islamic civilization culture
17- 1. Traders- silk, cotton, wool, carpets, jewelry,
metalwork, perfume, swords, glassware, spices,
leather, pottery
18The Alhambra (Spain)
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21- 2. Spread Arabic language, all laws based on
Quran, father given all authority, stressed
basic morals
22Arabic Writing
23Arabic Alphabet
24- E. Science- combine knowledge from
Greece/Rome/India/China, established advanced
universities
25- 1. Medicine- catalogued diseases, performed
operations
26- 2. Math- developed number system based on 10,
later created algebra (from Al-jabr)
XVIII XXIV
18 24
27Astrolabe
28- F. Decline- Unity/power of early Arab Islamic
empire broken
1. Many Muslim cities destroyed by Mongols
(12-1300s)
29- G. By 1100, Turks dominate the Muslim world,
begin the Ottoman Empire, conquered the
Byzantine Empire in 1453
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31Constantinople Becomes Istanbul (1453)
32Hagia Sofia (Turkey)
33INTERIOR OF THE HAGIA SOPHIA
34- Ottomans conquer SE Europe and reach their peak
in the 1500s under Sultan Suleiman (the
Magnificent)
35Suleimaniye Mosque (Turkey)
36Ottoman Empire (1000-1700)
37Islam Today
38- II. Mongols- warlike, nomadic people originated
from central Asia
39- A. Mongol tribes united by Genghis Khan around
1200, used mounted cavalry in fast attacks to win
an empire
40Genghis Khan
41Mongol Homeland
42Karakorum
43Mongol Cavalry In Battle
44The Mongol Bow
45- B. Conquest- by early 1200s Genghis conquered
Northern China, and much of Asia
46- 1. Grandson Kublai added rest of China, Middle
East, Russia, and parts of Eastern Europe killing
millions
47Mongol Expansion (1200-1300)
48Mongol Empire
49- 2. Rule- largest land empire in history, heavily
taxed conquered people, 1st to use
paper money, helped to restore world trade,
tolerant of various cultures
50- C. Decline- by 1400s many Mongols were absorbed
into local populations, empire disintegrated - 1. China regained independence with the
- Ming Dynasty (ruled 1368-1644)