Impacts of The Enlightenment

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Impacts of The Enlightenment

• SS.A.3.4.5 SS.B.1.4.4 SS.A.3.4.6 SS.B.2.4.3

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Enlightened Culture

• Other kings build big palaces like Versailles,
  but in a new style of architecture borrowing from
  baroque
• Rococo art, is secular and centered on light and
  the pursuit of pleasure
• Music Mozart, Handel, Hayden, Bach
• Literature centers around the emergence of
  novels, about real people, not royalty

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Enlightenment Absolutism

• People begin to accept that equality before the
  law right to hold property pursuit of
  happiness and freedoms of religion, speech,
  press assembly
• Rulers must be enlightened, operate within the
  law and nurture art, science and education
• Enlightened Absolutism, where kings rule with
  absolute power, but adhere to Enlightened ways

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Prussia

• King Frederick William I builds a powerful
  Prussian state
• Fourth largest army in Europe
• Loyal, efficient bureaucracy
• Fredrick II (The Great) cultured and
  educatedEnlightened
• Improved army and controlled bureaucracy
• Bans torture, except traitors and murderers
• Expanded freedom of speech, press, religion
• But, keeps Prussian feudal system in tact

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The Austrian Empire

• Austrian Empire is powerful, but hard to rule
  because of large size
• Empress Maria Theresa centralizes and strengthens
  the power of the state, while relieving burden of
  serfs (somewhat)
• Joseph II, M.T.s son, makes ideas of the
  Enlightenment law
• Abolish serfdom, eliminate death penalty, est.
  equality before law, religious toleration
• Nobles angry for freeing of serfs, Church angry
  over toleration, serfs upset about not
  understanding the world around them
• Josephs reforms fail, successors reverse them

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Catherine The Greats Russia

• Catherine takes power of Russia (1762-1796),
  favors Enlightened reforms
• Establishes new code of laws, all are equal under
  the law, but never really enforced
• Nobility is key to stability, but her favor of
  nobles leads to unrest among serfs
• Catherine expands Russian territory to the south
  (Black Sea), and west to Poland

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War of Austrian Succession

• Austrias Empress Maria Theresa seen as weak,
  Prussias Fred II invades Silesia
• Austria Britain vs. Prussia France
• War was fought in three places around the world
  Austria, Netherlands and India
• British capture French forts in N. America
• After Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, war stops, but
  only for a bit
• Everyone gets land back, except Silesia

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The Seven Years War

• Maria Theresa still upset over Silesia, France is
  upset with England
• France Austria forget rivalry, join forces with
  Russia against Prussia Britain
• War starts in Europe, India N. America
• The war lasts from 1756-1763
• In Europe India called Seven Years War
• In N. America called French Indian War by the
  British and American colonists who fought against
  the Native Americans French

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War In Europe

• Fredericks large Prussian army fights well at
  first, but is worn down by attacks from three
  sides
• Austria (South), France (West), Russia (East)
• New Russia czar Peter III, likes Frederick, stops
  Russian attacks
• War at stalemate, ends in 1763
• All lands returned, Austria gives up Silesia

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War In India

• The Great War For Empire fought between France
  Britain in India N.A.
• France won Madras from Britain in War of Austrian
  Succession, but gave it back
• France always wanted Madras, and attacks British
  Madrasthe British persist
• France eventually leaves India to Britain

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War In North America

• Called French Indian War
• France ran N.A. colonies like trading area
• Rich in fur, leather, fish and timber
• British N.A. more populated, wealthier
• 1750 1 million people
• Two main areas of fighting
• Gulf of St. Lawrence
• Ohio River Valley

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French Indian War

• French in Ohio River Valley, seen as threat by
  British colonists/army
• French built forts, made alliances with Indians
• British Prime Minister William Pitt, wants to
  destroy French Empire, replace it with a British
  Empire
• Concentrates British resources on the war in the
  colonies, not the European theater
• French N.A. army is bigger, but little navy
• France winning at first, but naval losses leave
  it unable to support army

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War Ends

• 1759 Britain wins battle of the Plains of
  Abraham (Quebec) under Gen. Wolfe
• British take Montreal, the Great Lakes, and the
  Ohio River Valley from France
• Treaty of Paris France gives Britain Canada,
  land east of Mississippi River
• As ally of France, Spain gives Britain control of
  Florida, but get Louisiana from France
• 1763 Great Britain is worlds greatest colonial
  power

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