The Interwar Years The Great Depression

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The Interwar YearsThe Great Depression
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• What were the long-term causes of the Great
  Depression?

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• The long-term causes of the Great Depression were
  that
• Many countries had huge war debts from World War
  I
• European countries relied on American loans and
  investments
• The world economies were interconnected so when
  the largest economy (US) failed, it affected the
  world economy
• Prosperity was built on credit
• Wealth was unequally distributed

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• What were the short-term causes of the Great
  Depression?

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• The US stock market crashed in 1929
• Banks demanded repayment of loans
• Farms fail and factories close
• The US reduced foreign trade to protect their
  economy (they increase tariffs which cause other
  countries to increase tariffs which causes a
  world wide decline in trade worsening the Great
  Depression)
• The US stops loans to foreign countries
• The American banking system collapses

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• What were the short-term effects of the Great
  Depression?

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• The short-term effects of the Great Depression
  were
• Millions become unemployed worldwide
• Businesses go bankrupt
• Governments take emergency measures to protect
  their economies
• Citizens lose faith in capitalism, democracy, and
  the banking system
• Some nations turn toward authoritarian leaders

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• What were the long-term effects of the Great
  Depression?

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• The long-term effects of the Great Depression
  were
• Nazis take control of Germany
• Fascists come to power in other countries
• Democracies try social welfare programs
• Japan expands in East Asia
• World War II breaks out

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• What is totalitarianism?

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• Totalitarianism is a form of government in which
  the ruler has total control over every aspect of
  public and private life.

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• What are some characteristics of totalitarian
  states?

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• Some characteristics of totalitarian states are
• Dictatorship and one-party rule
• Dynamic leader
• Organized violence
• Anti-democratic
• State control over all sectors of society
• Dependence on modern technology
• ideology

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• List the major totalitarian governments of the
  20th Century and their leaders.

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• Soviet Union Joseph Stalin
• Germany Adolf Hitler
• Italy Benito Mussolini
• China Mao Zedong
• North Korea Kim Il Sung

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• What are three different types of totalitarian
  governments?

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• Fascism, Nazism, and Communism are three
  different types of totalitarian governments.

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• Describe the fascist government led by Benito
  Mussolini in Italy.

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• Some characteristics of fascism in Italy were
• Belief in the union of classes
• Nationalist and racist
• Supported by middle class, industrialists, and
  military
• Censorship
• Indoctrination
• Secret police

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• What were some characteristics of Nazism in
  Germany?

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• Some characteristics of Nazism in Germany were
• Belief in union of classes
• Nationalist and racist
• Supported by middle class, industrialists, and
  military
• Censorship
• Indoctrination
• Secret police

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• What were some characteristics of Communism in
  the Soviet Union?

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• Some characteristics of Communism in the Soviet
  Union were
• Belief in the struggle of classes
• Internationalists
• Supported by workers and peasants
• Censorship
• Indoctrination
• Secret police

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• How are Fascism and Nazism related?

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• Nazism is a form of Fascism. In Nazi Germany,
  racism was based on the idea that the Aryan race
  was superior while in Fascist Italy, racism was
  based on the idea that Italian culture was
  superior.

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• What are some differences between communism and
  fascism?

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• Some differences between Fascism and Communism
  are that
• Fascists believe in the union of classes, is
  supported by middle class and industrialists, and
  are very nationalistic and racist
• While Communists believe in the struggle of
  classes, is supported by workers and peasants,
  and is internationalist

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• Why did dictatorial regimes emerge in Germany,
  Italy, Japan, and U.S.S.R. after World War I?

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• Economies were already hurt by World War I. The
  Treaty of Versailles and later the Great
  Depression weakened governments and economies
  even more. These hopeless conditions made it
  easy for dictators to gain power. These
  dictators also used nationalism to gain support
  from people looking for some hope.

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