Types of Chemical Reactions

1
Types of Chemical Reactions
2
Types of Chemical Reactions
Reactants Zn I2
Product Zn I2
3
Types of Chemical ReactionsAt the conclusion of
our time together, you should be able to

1. List the 5 basic types of chemical reactions
2. Use this list to describe a reaction

4
Simple Reactions
Decomposition
Synthesis (Combination)
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
5
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
6
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
7
Beware of the Guy Next to You!!!
8

Synthesis
Decomposition

Single Replacement


Double Replacement


9
Types of Reactions

• There are five types of chemical reactions we
  will talk about
• Synthesis reactions
• Decomposition reactions
• Single displacement reactions
• Double displacement reactions
• Combustion reactions
• You need to be able to identify the type of
  reaction and predict the product(s)

10
Steps to Writing Reactions

• Some steps for doing reactions
• Identify the type of reaction
• Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction
  as a model
• Balance it
• Dont forget about the diatomic elements!
  (BrINClHOF) or (7 1) For example, Oxygen
  is O2 as an element.
• In a compound, it cant be a diatomic element
  because its not an element anymore, its a
  compound!

11
Synthesis Reactions
12
Synthesis ReactionsAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to

1. Recognize a synthesis chemical reaction
2. Balance this reaction type

13
When Your Back is Up Against It.
14
Simple Reactions
Decomposition
Synthesis (Combination)
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
15
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
16
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
17
What Do You Call Four Bullfighters In Quicksand?

• Quatro Cinco

18
Synthesis reactions

• Synthesis reactions occur when two substances
  (generally elements) combine and form a compound.
  (Sometimes these are called combination or
  addition reactions.)
• reactant reactant ? 1 product
• Basically A B ? AB
• Example 2H2 O2 ? 2H2O
• Example C O2 ?
• CO2

19
Synthesis Reactions

• Here is another example of a synthesis reaction

20
Synthesis Reaction

• Predict the products and balance the following
  reaction
• Na Cl2 ?
• NaCl
• 2 Na Cl2 ? 2 NaCl

21
Synthesis Reactions

• One main purpose
• To make a more complex compound!!

22
Septic Tank Humor
23
Synthesis ReactionsLets see if you can

1. Recognize a synthesis chemical reaction
2. Balance this reaction type

24
Practice

• Predict the products. Write and balance the
  following synthesis reaction equations.
• Sodium metal reacts with chlorine gas
• Na(s) Cl2(g) ?
• Solid Magnesium reacts with fluorine gas
• Mg(s) F2(g) ?
• Aluminum metal reacts with fluorine gas
• Al(s) F2(g) ?

NaCl
MgF2
AlF3
25
Practice

• State the type, predict the products and balance
  the following reactions
• Cesium reacts with bromine gas ?
• Cs Br2 ?
• CsBr
• 2 Cs Br2 ? 2 CsBr

26
All You Really Need To Know You Can Learn From
Noah's Ark

1. Speed isn't always an advantage the snails were
   on board with the cheetahs.
2. When you're stressed, float awhile.

27
I dont feel so stupid now
28
Decomposition Reactions
29
Decomposition ReactionsAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to

1. Identify decomposition chemical reactions
2. Balance this type of reaction

30

Synthesis
Decomposition

Single Replacement


Double Replacement


31
R U Whining????!!!!
32
Decomposition Reactions

• Decomposition reactions occur when a compound
  breaks up into the elements or in a few to
  simpler compounds
• 1 Reactant ? Product Product
• In general AB ? A B
• Example 2 H2O ? 2H2 O2
• Example 2 HgO ?
• 2Hg O2

33
Are you wondering if this can get much worse???
34
Decomposition Reactions

• For Decomposition reactions to occur we need
  energy as a catalyst in the form of
• Heat
• Light
• Electricity
• Mechanical shock
• Or a chemical catalyst

35
Decomposition Reactions

• Another view of a decomposition reaction

36
Decomposition Exceptions

• Carbonates and chlorates are special case
  decomposition reactions that do not go to the
  elements. You should be able to recognize these
  as decomposition only.
• Carbonates (CO32-) decompose to carbon dioxide
  and a metal oxide
• Example CaCO3 ? CO2 CaO
• Chlorates (ClO3-) decompose to oxygen gas and a
  metal chloride
• Example 2 Al(ClO3)3 ? 2 AlCl3 9 O2

37
Decomposition Exceptions

• Ternary acids will tend to decompose to water and
  the nonmetal oxide.
• Example H2SO3 ? H2O SO2
• There are other special cases, but we will not
  explore those in this class

38
Practice of Decomposition

• Predict the products and balance the following
  reactions
• H2O ?
• H2 O2
• 2 H2O ? 2 H2 O2

39
Practice

• Predict the products. Then, write and balance
  the following decomposition reaction equations
• Solid Lead (IV) oxide decomposes
  PbO2(s) ?
• Aluminum nitride decomposes
• AlN(s) ?

Pb O2
Al N2
40
What Do Eskimos Get From Sitting On The Ice too
Long?

• Polaroids

41
DecompositionLets see if you can

1. Identify decomposition chemical reactions
2. Balance this type of reaction

42
Practice

• Identify the type of reaction for each of the
  following decomposition reactions, and write the
  balanced equation
• BaCO3(s) ?
• NI3(s) ?

BaO CO2
N2 I2
2, 1, 3
43
Practice of Decomposition

• Predict the products and balance the following
  reactions
• Iron (II) oxide decomposes ?
• FeO ?
• Fe O2
• 2 FeO ? 2 Fe O2

44
Practice

• Identify the type of reaction for each of the
  following synthesis or decomposition reactions,
  and write the balanced equation
• N2(g) O2(g) ?
• BaCO3(s) ?
• Co(s) S(s) ?
• NI3(s) ?

2 NO
Nitrogen monoxide
BaO CO2
Co2S3
(Co 3)
2, 3, 1
N2 I2
2, 1, 3
45
Septic Tank Humor
POOP DOC
46
Single Displacement
47
Septic Tank Humor
48
Single DisplacementAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to

1. Identify a basic single displacement reaction
2. Use the reactivity series table to determine if
   the reaction will take place
3. Balance a single displacement reaction

49

Synthesis
Decomposition

Single Replacement


Double Replacement


50
Why Did Pilgrims' Pants Always Fall Down?

• Because They Wore Their Belt Buckles On Their
  Hats.

51
Single Replacement Reactions

• Single Replacement Reactions occur when one
  element replaces another in a compound.
• A metal can replace a metal () OR a halogen can
  replace a halogen (-).
• element compound? element compound
• A BC ? AC B (if A is a metal) OR
• A BC ? BA C (if A is a halogen )
• (remember the cation always goes first!)

52
Single Replacement Reactions

• For these reactions, you must remember
• When H2O splits into ions, it splits into H
  and OH- (not H and O-2 !!)
• A single replacement reaction will only occur if
  the replacement ion has a higher activity than
  the original ion in the compound
• To determine this, refer to a relative activity
  table

53
Relative Activities

• Metals Decreasing Activity Halogens
• Lithium, Li Fluorine, F
• Potassium, K Chlorine, Cl
• Calcium, Ca Bromine, Br
• Sodium, Na Iodine, I
• Magnesium, Mg
• Aluminum, Al
• Zinc, Zn Hydrogen, H
• Chromium, Cr Copper, Cu
• Iron, Fe Mercury, Hg
• Nickel, Ni Silver, Ag
• Tin, Sn Platinum, Pt
• Lead, Pb Gold, Au

54
Single Replacement Reactions

• (note Li is higher relative activity than H)

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A Displacement Reaction metallic copper with
silver nitrate                                
                                                
            
Cu Ag NO3
Note Cu is higher relative activity
Ag Cu(NO3)2
56
Dad?? My nose is stuck again!!!
57
Single Replacement Reactions

• Write and balance the following single
  replacement reaction equation
• Zinc metal reacts with aqueous hydrochloric acid
• Zn(s) HCl(aq) ?
• ZnCl2 H2(g)
• Note Zinc replaces the hydrogen ion in the
  reaction because of higher relative activity

2
58
Single Replacement

• Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II)
  nitrate
• Al(s) Cu(NO3)2(aq)?
• Al(NO3)3(aq) Cu
• 2 Al(s) 3 Cu(NO3)2(aq)?
• 2 Al(NO3)3(aq) 3 Cu

59
Interesting Signs
60
Single DisplacementLets see if you can

1. Identify a basic single displacement reaction
2. Use the reactivity series table to determine if
   the reaction will take place
3. Balance a single displacement reaction

61
Try This

• Predict the products and balance the following
  reactions
• Zinc reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfate
• Zinc is higher relative activity so Zn CuSO4 ?
  
• Cu ZnSO4

62
Familiar Saying
It is fruitless to become lachrymost because of
scattered lacteal fluid. Dont cry over spilled
milk??
63
Try This

• Predict the products and balance the following
  reactions
• Copper (II) reacts with aqueous calcium sulfate
• Cu CaSO4 ?
• Copper is lower relative activity so
• Cu CaSO4 ? NR

64
Try These Last Two

• Sodium chloride solid reacts with fluorine gas
• NaCl(s) F2(g) ? NaF(s)
  Cl2(g)
• Note that fluorine replaces chlorine in the
  compound
• Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II)
  nitrate
• Al(s) Cu(NO3)2(aq)?
• Al(NO3)3(aq) Cu
• 2, 3, 2, 3
• Demo Time!!

2
2
65
I dont feel so stupid now
66
Double Displacement
67
Simple Reactions
Decomposition
Synthesis (Combination)
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
68
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
69
Synthesis
A
B
A
B

Decomposition
A
B

A
B
Single Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
Double Replacement


A
B
A
B
C
C
D
D
70
Double DisplacementAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to

1. List the types of chemical reactions that weve
   covered so far
2. Identify a double displacement reaction
3. Determine the products of a double displacement
   reaction by the foil method
4. Balance a double displacement reaction

71
Murphy's LawsofScience and Technology
Any instrument when dropped will roll into the
least accessible corner.
72
Double Replacement Reactions

• Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal
  replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal
  replaces a nonmetal in a compound
• Compound compound ? compound compound
• AB CD ? AD CB

73
Double Replacement Reactions

• Think about it like foiling in algebra, first
  and last ions go together inside ions go
  together
• Example
• AgNO3(aq) NaCl(s) ?
• AgCl(s) NaNO3(aq)
• Another example
• K2SO4(aq) Ba(NO3)2(aq) ?
• KNO3(aq) BaSO4(s)

2
74
3 Driving Forces for Double Replacement Reactions

• Water Forms
• Gas Forms
• Solid Forms
• If one of the above is not a product, there will
  be no reaction.

75
Double Displacement Reactions

• K2CrO4(aq) Ba(NO3)2(aq) ?
• BaCrO4(s) 2 KNO3(aq)
• Soluble Soluble
• Insoluble Soluble
• Driving Force?
• Solid Forms (Precipitate)

76
Neutralization Reaction

• Acid Base ? Salt Water
• HCl NaOH ?
• NaCl H2O
• Soluble Soluble
• Soluble Molecular
• Driving Force?
• Water Forms

77
Practice

• Predict the products. Balance the equation
• FeCl3 (aq) NaOH(aq) ?
• H2SO4(aq) NaOH(aq) ?
• KOH(aq) CuSO4 (aq) ?
• Ba(NO3) 2(aq) K2CrO4 (aq) ?
• Demo Time!!

NaCl Fe(OH) 3 Na2SO4 H2O Cu(OH) 2
K2SO4 BaCrO4 KNO3
78
Familiar Saying
One pyrus malus per diem restrains the arrival of
the Hippocratic apostle. An apple a day keeps
the doctor away!!
79
Double DisplacementLets see if you can

1. List the types of chemical reactions that weve
   covered so far
2. Identify a double displacement reaction
3. Determine the products of a double displacement
   reaction by the foil method
4. Balance a double displacement reaction

80
Practice Quiz

• Write the double displacement reaction and give
  the driving force
• Silver nitrate reacts with calcium chloride
• AgNO3 CaCl2 ?
• AgCl Ca(NO3)2
• 2AgNO3 CaCl2 ? 2AgCl Ca(NO3)2
• Every compound above is soluble except for silver
  chloride.
• What is the driving force?
• Solid Forms

81
Practice

• Predict the products. Dont balance the
  equation.
• HCl(aq) AgNO3(aq) ?
• CaCl2(aq) Na3PO4 (aq) ?
• Pb(NO3) 2(aq) BaCl2 (aq) ?
• Demo Time!!

AgCl HNO3 NaCl Ca3 (PO4) 2 Ba(NO3) 2
PbCl2
82
I dont feel so stupid now
83
The Final Reaction TypeCombustion
84
CombustionAt the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to

1. Identify a basic combustion reaction
2. Predict the products of combustion reactions
3. Balance this reaction type

85
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86
Combustion Reactions

• Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon
  reacts with oxygen gas.
• This is also called burning!!! In order to burn
  something you need the 3 things in the fire
  triangle
• 1) A Fuel (hydrocarbon)2) Oxygen to burn it
  with3) Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

87
Combustion Reactions

• In general CxHy O2 ? CO2 H2O
• Products in combustion are ALWAYS carbon dioxide
  and water. (although incomplete burning does
  cause some by-products like carbon monoxide)
• Combustion is used to heat homes and run
  automobiles (octane, as in gasoline, is C8H18)

88
Combustion Reactions

• In general CxHy O2 ? CO2 H2O
• They are always exothermic
• (they give off heat)

89
What Do You Get When You Cross a Snowman With a
Vampire?

• Frostbite.

90
Combustion Reactions
Edgar Allen Poes drooping eyes and mouth are
potential signs of CO poisoning.
91
Combustion of Methane

• CH4 O2 ?
• CO2 H2O

2
1
2
92
Combustion of Pentane

• Predict the products and balance the
  reaction
• C5H12 O2 ?
• CO2 H2O

8
5
6
93
Combustion of Propanol

• Predict the products and balance the
  reaction
• C3H7OH O2 ?
• CO2 H2O

2
9
6
8
94
This Does Seem a Little Weird!!???
95
CombustionLets see if you can

1. Identify a basic combustion reaction
2. Predict the products of combustion reactions
3. Balance this reaction type

96
Practice

• Predict the products and balance the reaction of
  hexene burning in air
• C6H12 O2 ?
• C6H12 O2 ? CO2 H2O

6
6
9
97
Combustion

• Example
• C5H12 O2 ? CO2 H2O
• Write the products and balance the following
  combustion reaction
• C10H22 O2 ?
• CO2 H2O
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

5
6
8
31
2
20
22
98
I dont feel so stupid now
99
15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Mr. Ts
Vast Lab Experience!!!
Hint 8. Do not believe in miracles rely on
them.
100
Mixed Practice

• State the type, predict the products, and balance
  the following reactions
• BaCl2 H2SO4 ?
• C6H12 O2 ?
• Zn CuSO4 ?
• Cs Br2 ?
• FeCO3 ?

Double Displacement Combustion Single
Displacement Synthesis Decomposition
101
I dont feel so stupid now