Types of Government Notes

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Government
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Ways Govts Share Power
Unitary Confederation Federal
Definition Definition Definition
Characteristics Characteristics Characteristics
Examples Examples Examples
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Unitary Confederation Federal
Picture Picture Picture
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What do you think about when think about the word
GOVERNMENT?
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Forms of Government

• Different forms of government share, or
  distribute, power in different ways
• The central government (country, nation) can have
  more or less power than the smaller regional
  government divisions (states, counties, cities)

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Washington D.C. President Congress
(Senate House of Representatives) Supreme Court
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• Central Authority
• Country or Nation

• Regional Authority
• State (Province)
• County
• City

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3 main ways governments distribute, or share,
power . . .

• federal
• unitary
• confederation

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Federal Central Regional EQUAL Unitary Central
gt Regional GREATER than Confederation Central lt
Regional LESS than
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Federal (Federation)Central Regional

• Power to make laws decisions for the people is
  SHARED between one central government and several
  regional authorities (ex. states, counties,
  cities)
• states are given considerable self-rule, usually
  through their own legislatures (body of govt
  that makes the laws)

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EXAMPLESof federal governments

• U.S.
• South Africa
• Sudan
• India

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UnitaryCentral gt Regional

• Most power is held by one central authority
• Central government has all the power to make all
  laws decisions for the people
• The central government controls weaker states

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EXAMPLESof unitary governments

• China
• Japan
• Israel
• Saudi Arabia
• Kenya

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Confederation Central ? Regional

• Voluntary alliance of independent regional
  authorities that often assign only a few powers
  to the central authority
• Regional authorities (states, countries) come
  together for a specific purpose (ex. trade,
  security)
• Regional authorities agree to certain limits to
  their freedom of action, but still keep
  considerable independence

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Confederation cont.

• Individual states make their own laws decisions
  and are loosely connected to a weak central
  government
• The central government is only concerned about
  defense and trade
• Less binding than a federation

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EXAMPLESof confederation governments

• OPEC
• (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
• Countries like Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia come
  together to control the amount and price of oil
  sold

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Which government is which?

• federal
• unitary
• confederation

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Federal
Ways Government Distributes Power SAME size
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Unitary
Ways Government Distributes Power Central LARGER
than regional
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Confederation
Ways Government Distributes Powercentral SMALLER
than regional
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
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Citizen Participation

• Different forms of government a decide a
  citizens role in government differently
• The government can share none, little, or most of
  its power with its citizens

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3 main ways governments determine citizen
participation . . .

• autocratic rule by one
• oligarchic rule by the few
• democratic rule by all

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Citizens Role in Government
Democratic
Autocratic
Oligarchic
MOST citizen participation
LEAST citizen participation
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Citizen Participation in Government

• Democratic (like our country) individuals vote
  on government representatives and on specific
  issues

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
High Participation
High Participation
General Citizens Participation
Select Citizens Participation
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Government Power
Citizen Participation
Government Power
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation
Low or No Participation

• Democracy

Oligarchic
Autocratic
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Autocratic

• One person (ex. King, Czar) possesses unlimited
  power
• The citizen has limited, if any, role in
  government

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Autocratic cont.

• The oldest form of government
• One of the most common forms of government
• Ruler gets power through inheritance or ruthless
  use of military police power

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Forms of Autocratic Govts

• Totalitarianism Dictatorships
• Ideas of a single leader glorified
• Govt tries to control all aspects of social
  economic life
• Govt is not responsible to the people
• People lack the power to limit their rulers
• Examples- Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Joseph
  Stalin

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Forms of Autocratic Govts

• Absolute Monarchy
• King, queen, or emperor exercises the supreme
  powers of govt, has unlimited power
• Position is usually inherited (from parents or
  other relatives)
• People lack the power to limit their rulers
• Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the
  1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western
  Europe
• Example - King of Saudi Arabia

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Oligarchy

• Government by the few (a few powerful individuals
  make decisions)
• Sometimes a small group exercises control,
  especially for corrupt and selfish purposes
• The citizen has a very limited role

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Oligarchy

• The group gets its power from military power,
  social power, wealth, religion or a combination.
• Political opposition is usually suppressed-
  sometimes violently.
• Examples- Communist countries such as China.
• Leaders in the party and armed forces control
  government.

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How Governments Determine Citizen Participation
Autocracy Oligarchy

• Sometimes claim they rule for the people.
• In reality, the people have very little say in
  both types of government.
• Examples- May hold elections with only one
  candidate or control the results in various ways.
• Examples- Even when these governments have a
  legislature or national assembly, they often only
  approve decisions made by the leaders.

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Democracy
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Two types of democracies

• Parliamentary Representative governing body
  makes most decisions
• Presidential usually involves branches of
  government/ distribution of power (like in the
  U.S.)

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Compare Contrast Various Forms of Government
Describe the two predominant forms of democratic
governments Parliamentary Presidential
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Describe the two predominant forms of democratic
government parliamentary and presidential
Presidential Democracy
A system of government in which the president is
constitutionally independent of the
legislature. The executive branch exists
separately from the legislature (to which it is
generally not accountable).
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Describe the two predominant forms of democratic
government parliamentary and presidential
Parliamentary Democracy
A system of government having the real executive
power vested in a cabinet composed of members of
the legislature who are individually and
collectively responsible to the legislature.
May have a Prime Minister elected by the
legislature.
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Parliamentary Democracy
Israel, Canada, Australia
A political system in which the legislature
(parliament) selects the government - a prime
minister, premier, or chancellor along with the
cabinet ministers - according to party strength
as expressed in elections by this system, the
government acquires a dual responsibility to the
people as well as to the parliament.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Republican Systems
Kenya and South Africa
A representative democracy in which the people's
elected deputies (representatives), not the
people themselves, vote on legislation.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Federal Republic
India, Brazil, Mexico
A state in which the powers of the central
government are restricted and in which the
component parts (states, colonies, or provinces)
retain a degree of self-government ultimate
sovereign power rests with the voters who chose
their governmental representatives.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Monarchy
Saudi Arabia
A government in which the supreme power is lodged
in the hands of a monarch who reigns over a state
or territory, usually for life and by hereditary
right the monarch may be either a sole absolute
ruler or a sovereign - such as a king, queen, or
prince - with constitutionally limited authority.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Constitutional Monarchy
Japan and Canada
A system of government in which a monarch is
guided by a constitution whereby his/her rights,
duties, and responsibilities are spelled out in
written law or by custom.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Theocracy
Iran
A form of government in which a Deity is
recognized as the supreme civil ruler, but the
Deity's laws are interpreted by ecclesiastical
authorities (bishops, mullahs, etc.) a
government subject to religious authority.
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Communist
China
A system of government in which the state plans
and controls the economy and a single - often
authoritarian - party holds power state controls
are imposed with the elimination of private
ownership of property or capital while claiming
to make progress toward a higher social order in
which all goods are equally shared by the people
(i.e., a classless society).
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.
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Dictatorships
Sudan and Cuba
A form of government in which a ruler or small
clique wield absolute power (not restricted by a
constitution or laws).
Compare types of governments from various
countries. Distinguish the form of leadership
and the role of the citizen in terms of voting
rights and personal freedoms.