GPS 4-H: USING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM IN 4-H PROGRAMMING MIKE CLIFFORD

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GPS 4-HUSING THE GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM IN
4-H PROGRAMMING MIKE CLIFFORD
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GPS WOULD HAVE SAVED HIM !!!
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Global Positioning System A network of
satellites that continuously transmit coded
information, which makes it possible to precisely
identify locations on earth by measuring distance
from the satellites.
THE GPS SATELLITE CONSTELLATION
From GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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GPS and GIS DEFINITIONS
GPS is short for Global Positioning System which
is "a network of satellites that continuously
transmit coded information, which makes it
possible to precisely identify locations on earth
by measuring distance from the satellites". Of
course, many users also refer to their hand-held
GPS receivers as "my GPS" ... as in the statement
"my GPS' batteries went dead and I got lost!"
GIS is short for Geographic Information
System(s). "In the strictest sense, a GIS is a
computer system capable of assembling, storing,
manipulating, and displaying geographically
referenced information , i.e. data identified
according to their locations. Practitioners also
regard the total GIS as including operating
personnel and the data that go into the system"
( from http//www.usgs.gov/research/gis/title.ht
ml ).
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The NAVSTAR System
24 Satellites 6 orbital plates 11,000
miles up 12 hour orbit
from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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THE EARTH Latitude Longitude
from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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ERROR SOURCES Multipath interference
Atmospheric Geometric DOP
Clock Ephemeris
S.A. (now turned off)
LINE OF SIGHT
from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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ACCURACY
STANDARD CIVILIAN RECEIVERS
(Selective Availability OFF)
HORIZONTAL ACCURACY TO 15 METERS (49.2) OR BETTER
VERTICAL ACCURACY (altitude) TO 100 METERS (328)
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DIFFERENTIAL GPS (DGPS)
SYSTEMS TO IMPROVE POSITION ACCURACY

• Coast Guard
• Commercial Ground
  Satellite Based Correction
• Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

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WIDE AREA AUGMENTATION SYSTEM
FAA SPONSORED
GEO-STATIONARY SATELLITES

FREE ACCESS
ACCURACY TO 3 METERS
INSTALLED ON MOST NEW (2001) GPS
MODELS
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SOME GPS APPLICATIONS
COMMERCE GOVERNMENT
RECREATIONAL

• HIKING
• HUNTING
• NATURE STUDY
• FISHING
• BOATING
• BIKING
• SKIING
• SNOWMOBILING
• GEOCACHING
• GOLF ! ETC.

• MILITARY
• MARITIME
• AUTOMOTIVE
• SURVEYING
• AVIATION
• FORESTRY
• ENVIRONMENTAL
• PUBLIC SAFETY
• ETC.

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HOW CAN WE UTILIZE GPS IN 4-H PROGRAMMING?
EDUCATIONAL OPERATIONAL USES
WILDLIFE MAPPING
HIGH ADVENTURE
LEADER TRAINING
SEARCH RESCUE
BIG TREE SEARCH
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY
HUNTER EDUCATION
TRIP PLANNING SAFETY
FISHING CANOEING
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
AND LOTS MORE !
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NAVIGATION BASICS

• 1. KNOW YOUR POSITION
• 2. PLAN YOUR ROUTE
• 3. STAY ON YOUR ROUTE
• 4. RECOGNIZE YOUR DESTINATION

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• BASIC NAVIGATION INFORMATION
• PROVIDED BY GPS UNITS . . .
• YOUR CURRENT POSITION
• COORDINATES (LATITUDE LONGITUDE, UTM, MGRS,
  ETC.)
• ELEVATION (0R BETWEEN WAYPOINTS)
• DIRECTION TO SPECIFIED WAYPOINTS
• DISTANCE TO SPECIFIED WAYPOINTS
• (0R BETWEEN WAYPOINTS
• YOUR SPEED OF TRAVEL
• YOUR DIRECTION OF TRAVEL

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. . . AND OFTEN MUCH MORE MAPS TIME OF
DAY CROSS TRACK ERROR ESTIMATED TIME OF
ARRIVAL ESTIMATED TIME ENROUTE COORDINATES OF
CITIES TOWNS ETC.
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USING THE GARMIN eTrex
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ENTERING COORDINATES TO CREATE A NEW WAYPOINT IN
ETREX

• FIND MENU PAGE
• SELECT MARK
• NAME IT SELECT SYMBOL (optional)
• ENTER ELEVATION (optional)
• ENTER COORDINATE DATA
• SELECT OK AND YOURE DONE

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PROJECTING COORDINATES TO CREATE A NEW WAYPOINT
IN ETREX
YOU CAN ALSO CREATE A NEW WAYPOINT BY ENTERING A
BEARING AND DISTANCE FROM YOUR CURRENT POSITION
OR AN EXISTING WAYPOINT

• ON MENU PAGE SELECT WAYPOINTS
• SELECT AN EXISTING WAYPOINT AND ENTER
• SELECT PROJECT AND ENTER
• NAME IT SELECT SYMBOL (optional)
• ENTER DISTANCE
• ENTER BEARING
• SELECT OK AND YOURE DONE

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SPEED TRIP ODOMETER TRIP TIME SUNSET SUNRISE LOCA
TION ELEVATION BEARING HEADING MAX SPEED AVERAGE
SPEED
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TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS
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AERIAL PHOTO
TOPOGRAPHIC MAP
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HIGHWAY MAPS
VIRGINIA ROAD MAP Latitude-Longitude coordinates
grids
ALEXIS ROAD MAP UTM MGRS coordinates grids
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Map Symbol Quiz
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO BOTTOM CENTER
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO BOTTOM LEFT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO BOTTOM RIGHT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO TOP LEFT
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TOPO MAP MARGIN INFO TOP RIGHT
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MAP DATUMS

• WGS84 World Geodetic System 1984
  Default datum on Garmin and most other GPS
  receivers. Most accurate datum, but not yet in
  wide use on maps.
• NAD27 (NAD27CONUS) North American 1927 Older
  datum used on most USGS topographic maps. (We
  will be using this datum for the workshop)
• NAD83 North Amerian Datum 1983
  Very similar to WGS84. Used on newer USGS maps.
  
• and hundreds of others!

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COORDINATE SYSTEMS

• LATITUDE / LONGITUDE (ANGULAR) DEGREES -
  MINUTES - SECONDS
• UTM / UPS (RECTANGULAR, METRIC)
  UNIVERSAL TRANSVERSE MERCATOR
  (WE WILL BE USING UTM IN OUR FIELD EXERCISES)
  UNIVERSAL POLAR STEREOGRAPHIC
• MGRS (UTM USING ALPHANUMERIC I.D.) MILITARY
  GRID REFERENCE SYSTEM
• OTHERS
• TOWNSHIP RANGE, STATE PLANE COORDINATE, ETC.

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USING A MAGNETIC COMPASS
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from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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from GPS Land Navigation by Michael Ferguson
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FOUR COMPASS STYLES ...
BASEPLATE - MIRROR - LENSATIC -
SIGHTING
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FEATURES OF THE ORIENTEERING STYLE BASEPLATE
COMPASS
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LENSATIC COMPASS
From A Comprehensive Guide to Land Navigation
with GPS by Noel Hotchkiss
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From A Comprehensive Guide to Land Navigation
with GPS by Noel Hotchkiss
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Compass Only 1. Select an on-route landmark.
Hold compass level and point the
Direction of Travel Arrow at the landmark. 2.
Find your heading to the landmark by turning
compass dial until the N aligns with the
Red end of the Needle. Read heading at
the Index Line. 3. Keep the Needle aligned
with the N. Sight and move toward your
landmark. Repeat procedure until you
reach your destination.

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The Brunton Company
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Compass Heading 1. When given a heading in
degrees, turn the Dial so the heading is set at
the Index Line. Hold compass level with the
Direction of Travel Arrow pointing straight
ahead. 2. Turn your body until the Red end of
the Needle is aligned with the N on the
Dial.Travel in this direction. 3. Pick out a
landmark in line with your heading. Move toward
it. Repeat procedure until you reach your
destination.
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Compass Map Hold the compass level in front of
you with the Direction of Travel Arrow pointing
straight ahead. Turn your body until the Red end
of the Needle is directly over the Red Orienting
Arrow. Look up. Find a landmark. Move to it.
Repeat until you reach your destination.
1. Place compass on map with
baseplate edge connecting where you are
(start A) and where you want to go (finish
B). 2. Turn the compass Dial until the N
aligns with Magnetic North (MN) on map.
3. Hold the compass level
in front of you with the Direction of
Travel Arrow pointing straight ahead. Turn your
body until the Red end of the
Needle is directly over the Red Orienting
Arrow. Look up. Find a landmark. Move to it.
Repeat until you reach your destination.

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The Brunton Company
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The Brunton Company
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The Brunton Company
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THE END