Mental Illnesses

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Mental Illnesses

• Eating Disorders
• Depression/Manic Depression/Bi-Polar
• Anxiety Disorders
• Suicide Prevention
• ADHD
• Schizophrenia
• Addictive Disorders

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Bell Ringer 1

• Define the following terms using your textbook or
  your notes
• 1. Mental Illness
• 2. OCD
• 3. Panic Disorder
• 4. PTSD
• Once you have completed this, pick up the
  handout, Making a Diagnosis, and complete the
  handout.

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WRITING

• Imagine somebody whom you love----parent,
  brother, sister, boyfriend, girlfriend, etc.
  Write down everything you love about that person
  for three minutes.

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WRITING

• Imagine that this person was killed/injured by
  someone with a mental illness, how would you
  feel?

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WRITING

• NOWImagine the same person you loved and wrote
  about developed a mental illness and
  injured/harmed/killed someone else. How would
  you feel now?
• READ ARTICLE Schizophrenic Man Beheaded Friend

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Who is Responsible????

• EVERYONE has responsibilities to care for those
  with mental illness (laws, hospitals, family,
  friends) because people suffering with mental
  illnesses are limited by what they can do for
  themselves.
• We need to start thinking along the lines of.
• Stricter laws
• Better preventative care being instated
• Family/friends being more vigilant and proactive

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Schizophrenia

• Definition
• A medical illness that interferes with a persons
  abilities to think clearly, to distinguish
  reality from fantasy, to manage emotions, make
  decisions, and relate to others.

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Schizophrenia

• First signs usually show up in teenage years or
  late twenties
• Can be chronic or episodic
• Does not mean split personality
• Almost all people with schizophrenia are not
  dangerous or violent towards others when they are
  receiving treatment.
• Several stigmas about schizophrenia in society

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Schizophrenia

• Diagnosis
• Difficult
• Doctor must examine the patient over a course of
  at least 6 months
• Symptoms
• Divided into three categories Positive,
  Disorganized, and Negative Symptoms

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Schizophrenia

• Positive Symptoms also know as psychotic
  symptoms.
• Delusion and hallucinations
• Delusions may cause the patient to believe that
  people are reading their thoughts or plotting
  against them, that others are secretly monitoring
  or threatening them, or that they can control
  other peoples minds.
• Hallucinations causes people to hear or see
  things that are not there
• Positve overt symptoms or characteristics that
  should NOT be there.

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Schizophrenia

• Disorganized Symptoms
• Confused thinking and speech
• Behavior that does not make sense
• Difficulty making sense of every day sights or
  sounds
• Negative Symptoms
• Emotional flatness or lack of expression
• Inability to start and follow through with
  activities
• Negative lack of characteristics that SHOULD be
  there.

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Schizophrenia

• CAUSE
• Unknown
• Scientists have shown that people with
  Schizophrenia display brain images from MRI or
  CAT scans that are different from a person who
  does not have the disorder.
• Linked to genetics (but genes DO NOT cause the
  illness)

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Schizophrenia

• Treatment
• No cure, but highly treatable
• Hospitalization (highly sever cases)
• Medication
• Antipsychotic drugs
• Attempts to correct imbalance of the brain
• Psychosocial Rehabilitation
• Program for Assertive Community Treatment
• (PACT)
• Support available 24 hrs. 7 days a week
• Professionals teach people with schizophrenia how
  to live a life with the disorder

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Schizophrenic Man Beheaded Friend

• Everyone has responsibilities to care for those
  with mental illnesses (law, hospitals, doctors,
  friends, families) because people suffering with
  mental illness are limited by why they can do for
  themselves. This is a caveat

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PTSD

• Bell Ringer 2
• What is PTSD? Who suffers from PTSD?
• Use your book to help you find the answer to
  these questions.
• PTSD Video
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vghXCrsTVXtc

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PTSD Activity

• In a few minutes we are going to read an
  important selection from a book. To help you
  better understand it, Ive prepared a preview
  by cutting out just eight sentences from a longer
  piece. You will be picking these sentences from
  a hat.
• Now that everyone has a piece of the puzzle. If
  you could see all the sentences other people
  have, you could probable make a good prediction
  as to what the who thing is about. Thats what
  were going to do now.
• Try to compare your quote with at least 10 other
  peoples sentences in the next 5 or 6 minutes.
  GO!!!!

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PTSD Activity

• In your notebooks (or discuss in groups of 4),
  answer the following questions
• 1. What do you thing the passage is going to be
  about?
• 2. What time and place are depicted?
• 3. Any guesses about who wrote this?

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PTSD Activity

• Read excerpt from Soldiers Heart
• Discussion-
• If Charley survived the war-which we cannot tell
  from this passage-how do you think he would do?
  Would he be able to go right back to normal life,
  or do you think he might have had to struggle
  with his memories? Do you think Charlie suffers
  from PTSD? (refer back to your definition)

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Mental Illnesses

• Bell Ringer PTSD ARTICLE
• Read article and T4 it! Fill out handout that
  accompanies article. (10-15 minutes)
• Activity
• Now everyone is going to get a chance to read an
  article of their own choice to learn more about
  PTSD. Today we have four choices. The first two
  are very intense accounts from a battlefield.

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Activity continued.

• A Soldiers Letter Home from WWII-This was
  written by an American GI serving in the Pacific,
  graphically telling his parents about the combat
  casualties he had seen.
• The Forever War of the Mind Max Cleland, who
  served as head of the Veterans Administration,
  recounts how he lost an arm and both legs in
  battle-and describes the mental anguish that
  accompanied his physical wounds.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Basic problems
  associated with PTSD.
• Blog Post-Daddys Home Written by the wife of
  a decorated soldier who suffers from PTSD, this
  article offers tips for families in the same
  situation.

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Activity continued.

• Once you have selected your articles, sit with
  small groups (3-4) with students who have picked
  the same article.
• In your groups discuss and write the answers to
  the following questions
• What struck you about the piece you chose?
• What are some things family members and friends
  can do to help someone suffering from PTSD? Make
  a list of specific actions.
• RECONVENE AS A CLASS-DISCUSS

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EATING DISORDER

• BELL RINGER QUESTION 3
• What is an eating disorder? Whats the most
  common eating disorder? Who is mainly affected
  by eating disorders? Why?
• Article The Real Skinny

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Eating Disorders

• Affect 5 million Americans every year
• 90 affected are female
• Disturbance in eating excessive concern about
  body shape or weight
• Types
• Anorexia Nervosa
• Bulimia Nervosa
• Binge-Eating disorder others

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Refusal to maintain normal body weight
• Characterized by self-starvation
• Fear of weight gain or being fat despite being
  underweight
• Distorted body image
• Subtypes restricting binge-purging

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Anorexia Nervosa

• Anorexics use starvation to feel more in control
  through tension, anger and anxiety
• More than 90 are female
• Ballerinas
• Fashion models
• Gymnasts
• actresses

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Anorexia Signs/Symptoms

• Loss of menstrual cycle
• Skin is dry and yellow
• Bones becomes brittle
• Always complain they are cold
• body compensates by growing fine hair called
  lanugo
• Are deficient in potassium, mineral needed for
  healthy heart

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Anorexia Behavior Clues

• Preoccupation with weight and food
• Hides foods
• Cuts foods into small pieces
• Excessive calorie counting
• Exercises a lot
• Wears baggy clothes to hide appearance
• Weighs her/himself many x a day.

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Binge Eating Disorder

• Recurrent binge eating (2 days per week for 6
  months)
• Marked distress
• Eat rapidly
• Uncomfortably full
• Eating when not hungry
• Eating alone
• Feeling disgusted or guilty after binging

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Recurrent binge eating episodes
• Eating in discrete times (2 hrs) where the amount
  of food is larger than what others would eat in a
  similar circumstance
• Lack of control
• Recurrent behavior to prevent weight gain
• Vomit, laxatives, water-pills, enemas, fasting,
  exercise

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Anorexia Clues Cont

• Talks about weight and food all the time
• Usually makes excuses for not eating
• Acts moody or depressed

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Binge-purge episodes occur twice a week for
  months, even years
• Self-evaluation mainly influenced by weight/shape
• Subtypes Restricting Binge-Purging
• Average binge 1200 calories

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Bulimia Nervosa

• Onset in teens or early adulthood
• Extreme concern with weight and shape
• Eating patterns skipped meals, restrained
  eating, binge-purge episodes
• Majority in normal weight range
• Dietary restraint and negative emotions promote
  binging and purging

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Eating Disorders Cultural Factors

• Beauty considered central to femininity
• Thin is considered beautiful for women
• When relationships fail, women more likely blame
  themselves
• Men emphasize physical appearance in
  relationships
• Perceived pressure to be thin
• Body dissatisfaction
• Becoming more prevalent in Asian-Americans?

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Eating Disorders Complications

• Many Medical Complications
• Underweight, obesity
• Menstrual irregularities
• Osteoporosis
• Heart disease
• Erosion of digestive tract teeth
• Electrolyte imbalance, seizure, anemia
• Dry skin/hair, hand abrasions
• Depression, anxiety
• Other medical and psychiatric disorders

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Family Influence Settings

• Perfect Family
• High expectations
• Threatening atmosphere
• Overly critical parents
• Overprotective parents

• Social Personality
• Traits
• Leader
• Competitor
• Popular
• Performer
• Studious
• Perfectionist
• O. C. D.

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Media Influence

• People in Hollywood
• Models
• Actresses
• TV/Movies
• Actors/Actresses
• Underlying message
• Ads/Commercials

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Media Influence Continued

• Internet
• Weight loss emails
• Ads
• Pro-eating disorder websites

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Eating Disorders

• Treatments
• Psychotherapy
• Medication
• Weight restoration for anorexia
• Multidimensional approach most effective
• For bulimia, 60-80 reduction in purging if
  treated. Lower in Anorexia
• Refer to physician.

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Which version is more attractive?Victim 1 Kate
Bosworth
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Which version is more attractive?Victim 2
Lindsay Lohan
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Which version is more attractive?Victim3 Nicole
Richie
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Which version is more attractive?Victim 4 Mary
Kate Olsen
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Food for thoughtHow pretty are these mobile
skeletons?
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DEPRESSION

• Bell Ringer Question 4
• What is depression? Why do people get depressed?
  Can they control this? Why/Why Not?

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Depression

• Depression An emotional state characterized by
  exaggerated feelings of sadness, melancholy,
  dejection, worthlessness, emptiness, and
  hopelessness that are inappropriate and out of
  proportion to reality.
• Depression can appear at any age and is the major
  cause of suicide in this country.

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Diagnosis Requires at least 5 of the following
to be present

• Depressed Mood
• Loss of Interest or pleasure in all or most
  activities
• Weight Changes
• Sleep Changes
• Fatigue or Loss of Energy
• Feelings of worthlessness
• Diminished ability to think or concentrate
  indecisiveness
• Thoughts of suicide or suicide attempts

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Causes of Depression

• Heredity
• Environment
• Background and Personality
• Biochemical Factors
• Physical Illness

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Common Myths of Depression

• Depression is just a feeling
• Only a few crazy people really get depressed
• Depression only occurs when bad things happen
• Its easy to make yourself feel better
• Theres nothing you can do to treat depression
• Medicines like Prozac and Zoloft are happy
  pills

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More Common Myths

• Therapys just lying on a couch talking about
  your childhood
• Antidepressants can help anybody with depression
• There are no outward signs of depression
• People dealing with depression never experience
  extreme highs.
• Only adults suffer from depression

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ANXIETY DISORDERS

• BELL RINGER 5
• Is anxiety normal? When does anxiety become a
  problem? What do you think people should do to
  treat their anxiety?

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ANXIETY DISORDERS

• Anxiety is a normal part of life, but when the
  fear becomes irrational and starts to interfere
  with daily life than you may be suffering from
  some form of anxiety. They are broken down into
  5 categories.

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5 CATEGORIES

• 1. General Anxiety Disorder
• 2. Phobic Disorder
• 3. Panic Disorder
• 4. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
• 5. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• OCD Clip
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v44DCWslbsNM
• Howie Mandel
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vdSZNnz9SM4g

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Suicide Prevention

• Most people dont want to die, they just want to
  end the emotional pain they are suffering.
• Life can seem extremely stressful, especially one
  with low self-esteem.
• A person under great stress experiences a crisis.
  Life seems UNBEARABLE!!!

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Suicide Prevention

• When a person is depressed an event that at other
  times would be tolerable might seem impossible to
  deal with.
• Suicidal Mind Set The feeling that suicide is
  the ONLY solution to lifes problems.
• Suicide is a PERMANENT response to what is
  usually a TEMPORARY problem.

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Suicide Prevention

• Possible Reasons for an Increase Teenage
  Suicide
• Rising divorce rates
• People relocate more often
• Pressure to succeed in school and future careers.
• Increase in alcohol/drug use. Lack ability to
  solve problems.
• Physical, sexual, emotional abuse.

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Suicide Prevention

• Warning Signs Verbal
• Direct statements Life isnt worth living
  anymore. Id be better off dead.
• Indirect statements Theyll be sorry when Im
  gone. I just feel sad and lonely all the
  time.

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Suicide Prevention

• Warning Signs Behavioral Signs
• Prior suicide attempts.
• Withdrawal from family and friends.
• Change of mood.
• Significant losses or change in environment.
• Change in school performance.
• Problems at home

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Suicide Prevention

• Warning Signs Behavioral Signs
• Giving away possessions or making a will.
• Not taking care of personal appearance.
• Abusing alcohol or drugs.
• Problems with the law.
• Family/Friend has attempted suicide.
• Unwanted pregnancy.
• Breaking up with a significant other

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Suicide Prevention

• 90 OF PEOPLE WHO ATTEMPT OR COMPLETE SUICIDE
  GIVE WARNING SIGNS AS A CRY FOR HELP!!!!!

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Suicide Prevention

• How can you help?
• Take ANY threat seriously.
• Establish how serious the treat is.
• Ask the person
• How serious are you?
• Has the person found a means to use?
• How lethal is the method?
• How detailed is the plan?
• Had that person talked to anyone else.

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Suicide Prevention

• How can you help?
• Look for other clues.
• Show the person that you care.
• Encourage the person to talk to a professional.
• Take charge!!
• Never keep it a secretTell someone!
• Remain with the person until help arrives.

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QPR

• Question, persuade, refer

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REVIEW

• What has been the most interesting information
  you have learned related to mental illness? How
  will you use this information that youve learned
  in the future or throughout your life?