Patterns of Inheritance

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Chapter 10
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• Patterns of Inheritance

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Concept 10.1
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• Genetics Developed from curiosity about
  inheritance

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Vocab
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• Trait
• Genetics
• Cross Fertilization

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Blending Theory
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• Early 1800s
• Blue x Red Purple
• Purple always produce purple
• Problems with theory

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Gregor Mendel
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• Austrian Monk
• Taught High School Biology
• Mathematician
• Lived in a Monestary
• Bred Pea Plants in Garden
• Crossed generations for 7 years

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Mendels Theory
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• Particulate Hypothesis
• True-breeding
• Led to Genetics
• Used self- vs. cross-fertilization

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Concept 10.2

• Mendel discovered that inheritance follows rules
  of chance

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Vocab

• Hybrids
• Monohybrid cross
• Allelese
• Homozygous
• Heterozygous
• Dominant
• Recessive

• Phenotype
• Genotype
• Testcross
• Dihybrid cross
• Principle of Segregation
• Principle of Independent Assortment
• Generations

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Principle of Segregation

• True breedingpure (homozygous)
• True x true hybrid

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Pea Traits

• Allele purple vs. white
• Dominant Capital (B)
• Recessive Lowercase (b)
• Homozygous BB or bb
• Heterozygous Bb

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Principle of Segregation

• Alleles separate into different gametes during
  meiosis

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Probability

• The mathematical prediction that a specific event
  will occur!
• Written as fractions, decimals, or percents!

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Genotype vs. Phenotype

• Genotype Gene Combination (BB, Bb, or bb)
• Phenotype What it looks like (Black vs. Fawn)

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Testcross

• Cross between one known parent and one unknown
  parent to determine the genotype of the unknown.

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10.4 Meiosis Explains Mendel
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Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
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• Genes are located on chromosomes
• Chromosome behavior accounts for inheritance
• Chromosomes undergo segregation and independent
  assortment

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ReminderKaryotype
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Gene Locus
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• Each gene has a specific location on each
  chromsome

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Genetic Linkage
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• Same chromosome genes linked
• Unless crossing over occurs
• Blue eyes paired with blonde hair
• Brown eyes paired with brown hair

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10.5
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• Sex-linked traits have unique inheritance
  patterns

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Sex Linked Genes
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• A gene that is located on the sex chromosome
• Discovered by Thomas Hunt Morgan
• Studied eye color in fruit flies
• Result in unusual inheritance ratios (patterns)

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Sex-Linked Disorders
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• Red-green color blindness, hemophilia, male
  pattern baldness, etc.
• Recessive traits more common in men!
• Usually allele is absent on the y chromosome