Title: The Development of the Greek City-States
1The Development of the Greek City-States
- Independent city-states developed in Greece as
the Hellenic age began.
- The arrangement of the geography of Greece
encouraged the development of small and separated
communities.
- City-states grew out of earlier village that had
been built on mountains and scattered islands.
2Athens and Sparta
Qualities of the City-States
- Had forts on hills and mountaintops built for
protection
- City states are also called Polis
3Laconia Attica
Athens vs Sparta Greek city-states
4ATHENS vs. SPARTA
5MILITARY
- The Spartan warrior was the most feared soldier
in Greece - The Athenian trireme allowed the navy to protect
the Athenian way of life
6Social structure
- ATHENS
- FREEMEN
- ARISTOCRATS
- SMALL FARMERS
- URBAN CRAFTSMEN TRIREME ROWERS
- METICS CAME FROM OUTSIDE ATHENS NOT ALLOWED TO
OWN LAND - SLAVES LOWEST CLASS, NO RIGHTS, PROPERTY OF
MASTERS
- SPARTA
- SPARTIATES MILITARY PROFESSIONALS/ CITIZENS
- OUTSIDERS FREEMEN ARTISANS, CRAFTSMEN,
MERCHANTS - HELOTS CONQUERED PEOPLES TREATED LIKE SLAVES
OWED 50 OF PRODUCE TO SPARTIATES
7Womens roles
- Athenian
- sequestered in the home
- not educated
- responsible for handicrafts and textiles
-
- Spartan
- Controlled home and land when husbands were
fighting - Come back with your shield, or on it.
8EDUCATION
- ATHENS
- No formal education for girls outside the home
- Boys learned rhetoric, mathematics, reading
writing, poetry, music, gymnastics - SPARTA
- Military school at age 7 for boys
- Lived in barracks and stole to survive
- Girls learned athletics
9Athens and Sparta
Sparta
Quiz 2
Athens
10(No Transcript)
11Polis
Back to Athens and Sparta
- The Polis is the center of Greek community life
- The ideal size of a Polis was about 5,000 male
citizens, the only gender counted in official
records - Develops around forts
- The Greek city-states were small the largest,
Sparta, covered about 3,200 sq. miles - Many city-states were smaller, and a few were
larger. Athens, the largest in population, had
about 35,000 male citizens in the middle of 500
BC. The rest of the population of 350,000
consisted of women, children, foreign residents
and slaves
12Sparta
Settled by Dorians who occupied part of the
Southern Peninsula of Greece, the
Peloponnesus. 800 BC- Spartans conquered nearby
regions and forced many of the people to work as
farm-laborers, or Helots. Helots worked on for
the Polis on the farms of Sparta. Helots out
numbered the Spartans by 10 to 1. The Spartans
lived in constant fear of revolt so they
established a strong military government to
maintain order.
13Aim of the Spartans
- To produce strong-bodied, fearless people every
stage of a Spartans life is planned - Sickly babies were left to die
- At the age of seven, a Spartan boy will be moved
into a military barracks - He will stay there until he turns thirty,
toughening his body, learning discipline and
training for war - Winter and summer he went barefoot and wore only
a short tunic - He learned to be brave and cunning and to endure
pain. Spartan women also were trained in
gymnastics and physical endurance
14After the War
- Spartans were expected to marry, but the family
was regarded as less important than the polis - The polis gave each family land and helots to
farm it - Women had the responsibility of managing their
farms and households - Men of Sparta spent more time fighting or
practicing military skills. They spent leisure
time at a soldiers club. Even after retiring at
age of 60, Spartan men served the government or
military schools of the polis
Back to Athens and Sparta
15SPARTAS LEGACY
- Military contributions
- The Phalanx (shown in the picture)
- Training and fighting styles
- Plato viewed Sparta as the first attempt at
forming an ideal community - Simple lifestyle
- Laconic of few words
- Spartan frugal, simple, plain
16Athens
- The Athenians were great artists, play-wrights,
poets and thinkers. - Athens became the commercial cultural center of
Greece. - Women were educated only in the skills needed to
run a household. - Athenians believed that mans life was empty if
he failed to use his mind and develop all his
talents.
17The Athenians develop new ideas of government
- Athens took the head in the creation of
democracy, which comes from a Greek word meaning
rule by the people. - They chose a group of officials known as archons
to rule the polis. - Archons tended to favor the upper class.
- The merchants, artisans farmers of Athens began
to protest against their (archons) rule.
18Athenians laws were written.
- In 621 B.C. an aristocrat named Draco drew up the
first written code of laws for Athens. - The laws were harsh, and Dracos code did not
change them. - The archons who served as judges could interpret
the laws as they pleased.
19Athenians Laws
- Solon makes political reforms
- During this time, nobles owned most farmlands and
most of the farmers were in debt to them. - The nobles were harsh people.
- Some peasants who cannot pay their debts either
lost their lands or became slaves as a way of
paying their debts. - Even today harsh laws are called draconian law.
- The aristocrats passed the problem to a
statesman, poet merchant named Solon. - He was regarded as a very wise and just person.
20- Given full power, Solon made many changes.
- He cancelled the debts of the poor, free those
who were enslaved, and made slavery for debt
illegal. - He replaced many of Dracos law.
- Solon decreased the power of the nobles.
- Athenian citizens were divided into four classes
and it was based on wealth and not on noble
birth. - This gave the chance for the three highest ranks
and the four classes to hold power. - Also the merchants were given the chance to have
a say in the government. - All male citizens could become a member of the
assembly and the lawmaking body could serve on
juries.
Athens
21- To improve farmers prosperity, Solon encouraged
them to grow new crops. - Oil and wine were exported and Athens trade grew
quickly. - The young people were taught a skill or trade and
granted Athenian citizenship to artisans from
other cities. - Athens's prosperity grew as other handicrafts
were traded through the Mediterranean. - The reforms didnt satisfy the nobles or lower
class but the assembly pledged to abide by them. - Solon, himself, resigned his office and traveled
abroad
Athens
22Pisistratus Promotes Cultural Life
- A politician named Pisistratus gained the support
of the poor and was the firm ruler of Athens - In ancient Greece, the sole ruler of a polis is
called a tyrant - Tyrants used opposive measures therefore
developing the meaning of tyrant as a person who
rules harshly - Although a tyrant, he gave more land to farmers
23Athens
- Pisistratus also promoted Athenian culture life
- He encouraged sculptors and painters and
sponsored drama festivals - He had Homer epics collected and gave prices for
public readings of them - His promotion of the arts laid the foundation for
Athens to become the cultural center of Greece.
24Cleisthenes
Credited with having established democracy in
Athens, Cleisthenes' reforms at the end of the
6th Century BC made possible the Golden Age of
Athenian civilization that would follow in the
5th Century BC. Born into one of the city's
foremost political dynasties, he became the
unlikely champion of the people when they
rebelled against tyranny.
BACK
25Cleisthenes Established more Democratic Practices
- Cleisthenes headed the political party that
opposes tyrants - Cleisthenes reformed the political system and
divided Athens into ten areas called demes
(deemz) - Fifty men from each deme served as in an Advisory
Council - All male citizens could vote in the assembly
26Athens
- Cleisthenes started a new practice, that required
Athenians to point out and vote anyone they
believed was a threat to Athens. If 6,000 votes
were cast against a particular person, he was
forced to leave Athens for 10 years - They wrote the votes on a piece of broken pottery
known as ostralum, this practice became known as
ostracism - Few people were actually ostracized, but the
custom gave citizens more power
27Athens
Thanks for listening!
28SCARY!
pretty!
STRONG!
Fearless!
Wicked-sick!
POWERFUL!
Unstoppable!
owning!
Crazy!
Monster kill!
God-like!
BACK
29Polis
JOKE!
JOKE!
JOKE!
Back to Polis
30Athens birthplace of Democracy
- Adult male citizens directly participated in
affairs of the state - Trial by a jury selected by lot
- Ostracism people could be banished from Athens
by vote - Council of 500, the Assembly
31Athenian legacy Philosophy, architecture,
drama, art
32- Enumerate the qualities of a city-state?
- Explain what is a Polis?
- Make a table of comparison between Sparta and
Athens in terms of its government, culture, and
daily activities
33- 1. It is know as the cradle of Western
Civilization - 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religion
- and wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.
- 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.
- 5. This civilization was named after the
legendary King Minos. - 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who moved to
- Southern Greece.
- 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek Civilization.
- 8. Known as the most important Greek god, God of
Thunder. - 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy, medicine,
and rational thinking. - 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty
Quiz
34- 1. It is know as the cradle of Western
Civilization - 2. The blind poet who influenced Greek Religion
- and wrote the Iliad and The Odyssey.
- 3-4. Known as the two heroes of Iliad.
- 5. This civilization was named after the
legendary King Minos. - 6. Regarded as the illiterate people who moved to
- Southern Greece.
- 7. Known as the Golden Age of Greek Civilization.
- 8. Known as the most important Greek god, God of
Thunder. - 9. Known as the god of music, prophecy, medicine,
and rational thinking. - 10. Known as the goddess of love and beauty
Quiz
1. Aegean Sea 2. Homer 3. Achilles 4. Hector 5.
Minoan 6. Dorians 7. Hellenic 8. Zeus 9.
Apollo 10. Aphrodite