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Introduction to Present Perfect

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Title: Introduction to Present Perfect


1
Introduction to Present Perfect
  • How long have you lived in the United States?
  • How long have you been here?

2
All sentences have verbs.
  • Minimum--one verb in every sentence--
  • Many people work in the afternoon.
  • Sergio works in a club.
  • Marta worked yesterday.
  • Sometimes the verb has more than one part.
  • A few people are working tonight.
  • A few people will work tonight.

3
Review About Present
  • Simple present tense ? discuss something that is
    a general fact or happens now
  • Ludy and Lily study at CLC.
  • Present continuous ? discuss something that is
    happening at the moment (AND for future.)
  • Maria is paying attention to her teacher.
  • Bayardo is working this afternoon.
  • Try It! Write a sentence in the present.
  • ________________________________________

4
Review About Past 1
  • Simple past tense ? discuss something that
    finished in the past.
  • Carmen studied English in California.
  • Ingrid met her husband in Venezuela.
  • Anna came to the U.S. when she was a child.
  • Try It! Write a sentence in the simple past.
  • ___________________________________

5
Review About Past 2
  • Past continuous ? discuss something that happened
    in the past, at the same time as another event
    happened, and continued during the time of that
    event.
  • I was driving when I heard a news report about
    the sheriff in Waukegan.
  • Try It! Write a sentence with the past
    continuous. _________________________

6
Using Present Perfect
  • Present perfect ? discuss something that started
    in the past and continues now. (We use present
    perfect in other ways, too, but this is one
    important way.)
  • We have practiced grammar since the first day of
    our class.
  • We have studied together for more than a month.

7
About Verb Parts
  • All verbs have different parts or forms.
  • Base form ? the way the verb is in the dictionary
    (We use this in some present tense forms.)
  • talk, help, do, say, have, be
  • Past tense form
  • talked, helped, did, said, had, was/were
  • ing form? present participle
  • talking, helping, doing, saying, having, being

8
Past Participles
  • Another form the past participle. Use it in
    present perfect.
  • Most of the time, this form looks exactly like
    the past tense, but NOT all the time
  • For example talked, helped, had, said, told
  • BUT.done, gone, been, given, known
  • Find a list of irregular past participles in
    many grammar books or in a dictionary.

9
Try It! Forms of the Past Participle
  • What are the past participles of these verbs?
  • Look
  • Say
  • Find
  • Make
  • Go
  • Try It! Write another verb and its past
    participle __________________________

10
Present and Past Participles
  • When you use the present OR the past participle
    as the main, most important, verb in your
    sentence, you must combine it with another verb.
    It CANT be alone.
  • Present participle example
  • We are learning some grammar rules now, and we
    were learning different ones last week.

11
Form of Present Perfect
  • We use have or has and the past participle to
    form the present perfect.
  • Maria has lived in Lake county for a long time.
  • Anna and Suzanne have taught English for more
    than 20 years.
  • How long have you studied English?
  • Vicky has not gone to Chicago since August.

12
Form of the Present Perfect, 2
  • We can use contractions with the present perfect
  • I have studied. Ive studied.
  • You have studied. Youve studied.
  • He has studied. Hes studied.
  • She has studied. Shes studied.
  • We have studied. Weve studied.
  • They have studied Theyve studied.

13
Form of the Present Perfect, 2
  • Examples of contractions with the present
    perfect
  • Hes been here since 8 a.m.
  • Weve studied together since August 25.
  • They havent gone to the Fitness Center.
  • She hasnt seen many movies in English.
  • Try It! Write a sentence in present perfect with
    a contraction. ____________________

14
Using the Present Perfect-2-Review
  • A common way to use present perfect ? discuss
    something that started in the past and still
    continues.
  • Carolina and Olga have sat at the same table
    since the beginning of our class.
  • Carolina and Olga sat at the same table before
    today and still sit there now, and they started
    to sit there at the beginning of our class.

15
Using the Present Perfect, 3
  • Another example
  • A How long have you worked here?
  • B Ive worked in this company for about 5
    years.
  • A Have you had the same job all that time?
  • B No, I havent. I got a promotion two years
    ago, and Ive worked as a team leader since
    then.

16
Try It! Present Perfect
  • Write a sentence. Use present perfect.
  • If you want, you can answer these questions in a
    whole sentence.
  • Where have you lived?
  • Where have you sat in this class?
  • What homework have you done?
  • _____________________________________

17
Present Perfect with for
  • Present perfect with for ? to explain how long
    something has happened, what amount or period of
    time.
  • Some people have studied for eighteen years.
    (They started to study in 1996, and they still
    study now.)
  • Some people have studied at CLC for more than 3
    semesters.
  • Other people have studied at CLC for only a short
    time.
  • Most people who have had legal permanent
    residence in the U.S. for at least 5 years can
    apply to be U.S. citizens.

18
Try It! Use for in your answer.
  • How long have you studied here?
  • How long has Anna been a teacher?
  • How long have you driven?

19
Present Perfect with since
  • Present perfect with since ? to explain the
    starting time of something.
  • Ive driven a car since 1981. (I started to
    drive in 1981, and I still drive now.)
  • You have worn a tee shirt every day since the
    beginning of the semester.
  • She has asked a question in class every day
    since our first day in August.

20
Present Perfect with since, 2
  • We can put a little sentence after since to
    explain when something began.
  • Ive taught English since my younger son was 6
    weeks old.
  • Katie has taught English at CLC since our
    program began.
  • Daniel has known his best friend since they were
    in elementary school.
  • What have you done since I saw you last?

21
Try It! Use since in your answer.
  • How long have you known Anna?
  • How long have you lived at your current address?
  • How long have you been able to write?

22
Present Perfect
  • Dont knock it until youve tried it!
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