Kingdom Fungi

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Kingdom Fungi

• Regular Biology
• Chapter 21
• Waggy

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Chapter Objectives

• 1. List the characteristics of fungi
• 2. Describe how fungi obtain food
• 3. Compare the ways fungi reproduce
• 4. List describe the three phyla of fungi
• 5. Compare contrast mycorrhizae lichens
• 6. Kingdom Fungi humans

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Characteristics of Fungi

• The study of fungus is called mycology
• This kingdom is made up of eukaryotic,
  heterotrophic, nonphotosynthetic organisms

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• Most get their nutrients by absorbing them from
  the environment
• Most are saprophytic, meaning that they feed on
  dead organisms (decomposers)
• They do not have roots, leaves, or stems
• Cell walls are made of chitin just like the
  exoskeletons of insects!
• The cells grow in long strings called filaments
  or hyphae

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• The hyphae can either be separated in smaller
  sections or not
• If they are broken into smaller sections they are
  described as being septate
• If not, they are described as being non-septate
• Large mats of hyphae are called mycelium

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Fungal reproduction

• 1. Asexual
• Spore production most common method, where
  thousands of spores are produced and
  released from the
  end of a specialized stalk
  called a sporangium

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• 2. Fragmentation a hyphae breaks into smaller
  pieces each piece grows a new fungus
• 3. Budding (more on this later)
• Sexual reproduction (conjugation)
• Do not have male female fungal hyphae - instead
  they are called plus minus
• When two different types of hyphae come into
  contact, they fuse exchange DNA

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Fungal Classification

• Domain Eukarya
• Kingdom Fungi
• Phylum there are three
• 1. Zygomycota
• 2. Basidiomycota
• 3. Ascomycota

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Phylum Zygomycota

• The common bread mold, Rhizopus stolonifer is in
  this phylum
• Rhizoids are specialized hyphae that anchor the
  mold to the breads surface
• Stolons are the specialized hyphae that spread
  across the breads surface

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• They reproduce in two ways
• 1. Asexual spore production
• A structure called a sporangium forms at the top
  of one of the stolon
• Spores are produced in the sporangium and then
  are released when they are mature

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• 2. Sexual conjugation
• When two stolon come into contact with each
  other, a cell called a gametangium develops
• Inside the gametangium, genetic information is
  exchanged
• When the exchange is complete the structure is
  now called a zygosporagium
• It will lie dormant until the conditions are
  right for it to grow into a new bread mold