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Periodic Trends

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... Francium Electronegativity Trend Ionic Size Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons Positive ion becomes smaller Negative ion ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Periodic Trends


1
Section 5-3
  • Periodic Trends

2
Atomic Radius
  • Distance from the center of the atoms nucleus to
    the outermost electrons.
  • 1. Atoms get larger going down a group.
  • More energy levels
  • 2. Atoms get smaller moving from left to right.
  • Atoms have more protons as you move from left to
    right.
  • Therefore, the nucleus has a greater pull on the
    electrons.

3
Atomic Radius Trend
4
Ionization Energy
  • The energy needed to remove one of an atoms
    electrons.
  • How strong does an atom hold its electrons?
  • 1. Decrease as you move down a group
  • The smaller the atom the easier it is for the
    nucleus to hold onto its electrons.
  • Shielding effect electrons in lower energy
    levels shields the outer electrons from the
    effects of the nucleus

5
Ionization Energy cont.
  • 2. Increase as you move from left to right
    across a period.
  • More valence electrons (closer to fulfilling the
    octet rule)

6
Electronegativity
  • The ability to attract to attract electrons in a
    chemical bond
  • 1. Decrease as you move down a group
  • 2. Usually increase across a period
  • Exclude noble gases (do not form bond.)
  • Most electronegative element Fluorine
  • Least electronegative element - Francium

7
Electronegativity Trend
8
Ionic Size
  • Ions are atoms that have gained or lost electrons
  • Positive ion becomes smaller
  • Negative ion becomes larger
  • Electron Affinity the energy change that occurs
    when it gains an extra electron.
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