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History of Forensic Psychology

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History of Forensic Psychology Ancient Chinese lie detector 14th century Europe: insanity and idiocy 16th century Britain: expert witnesses 18th century: – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: History of Forensic Psychology


1
History of Forensic Psychology
  • Ancient Chinese lie detector
  • 14th century Europe insanity and idiocy
  • 16th century Britain expert witnesses
  • 18th century
  • concept of competence introduced
  • Baccaria introduces proportionality

2
History (continued)
  • 19th century
  • Professional assessors of competence
  • Wundt introduces scientific psychology
  • Ebbinghaus studies human memory
  • Schrenk-Nortzing first forensic psychology case
  • Introduction of geographical profiling
  • Introduction of psychological testing

3
History (continued)
  • 20th century
  • Nature/nurture controversy
  • Munstenberg introduces forensic psychology in
    civil cases
  • 21st century
  • Professionalization of psychology
  • 1932 1st forensic text
  • WWII study of battle fatigue (PTSD)

4
History (continued)
  • 1950s research on the validity and reliability
    of witnesses
  • 1960s research on rape and child sexual abuse
  • 1970s Vietnam Vets syndrome (PTSD)
  • 1980s research on divorce
  • 1980s and 1990s studies on recovered memory
    syndrome
  • Todays status of forensic psychology

5
Forensic Psychology Today
PSYCHOLOGICAL INFORMATION TO FACILITATE LEGAL
DECISION-MAKING
  • Clinical/Police
  • Human Relations Experts
  • Social
  • Counseling
  • Correctional
  • Behavioural specialists
  • Organizational
  • Developmental
  • Pure applied research
  • Clinicians
  • Consultation to police depts.
  • Mediation for litigating parties
  • Role-playing juries
  • Risk assessment
  • Competence/offender programs
  • Profiling
  • Assess social penal programs
  • Neglect, physical sexual abuse
  • Scientific data preparation
  • Develop treatment programs

6
Theories of Crime (1)
  • Classical school of criminology
  • Emphasized concept of free will
  • People CHOSE to become criminals
  • Positivist school of crimilogy
  • Use of the scientific method to determine causes
    of crime
  • Biological theories
  • Constitutional theory Sheldon
  • Aggressive delinquents tend to be mesomorphs
  • Usually because they were early adolescents

7
Theories of Crime (2)
  • Nature/Nurture issue
  • Adoptive studies
  • Twin studies H-factor
  • What is inherited? Learning disabilities, frontal
    lobe issues and autonomic arousal problems,
    hormonal problems
  • Impulsivity
  • Difficulties learning
  • Excessive emotional reactivity

8
Theories of Crime (3)
  • Sociological theories
  • Structural problems in society
  • Anomie
  • Karen Horney approach-approach and
    avoidance-avoidance conflicts (eg elevator
    experiment)
  • Competition vs. brotherly love
  • Theory of differential opportunity
  • All people are equal but some more equal than
    others
  • Credential society and the vertical mosaic

9
Theories of Crime (4)
  • Reaction formation crime
  • Active rejection of middle-class values
  • Rational crime
  • Reinforced behaviour for crime
  • Eg. Welfare cheating
  • Subcultural crime
  • Norms of the subgroup are different from the
    legislative majority (eg. Male and female
    circumcision)
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