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Title: Copy the following chart on the top ten (10) lines of Portfolio p87


1
Copy the following chart on the top ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
First Shots at Fort Sumter Lincolns dilemma
First Shots at Fort Sumter Lincolns decision
First Shots at Fort Sumter Confederate response
First Shots at Fort Sumter Outcome
2
Copy the following chart on the middle ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Northern states response
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Southern states response
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Virginias importance
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Lees decision
3
Copy the following chart on the bottom ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
Choosing Sides Importance of the border states
Choosing Sides Maryland
Choosing Sides Kentucky
Choosing Sides Virginia
Choosing Sides Missouri
4
Lesson 16.1a War Erupts
  • Today we will examine the decisions made by
    Lincoln in the early weeks of the Civil War.

5
Vocabulary
  • examine look at closely
  • dilemma a difficult problem with two equally
    undesirable solutions
  • militia group of volunteers who serve in their
    states military during emergencies
  • border states slave states that hadnt seceded
    yet
  • secession withdrawal from the Union

6
What is a militia?
7
What is a border state?
8
What We Already Learned
  • The election of 1860, which Abraham Lincoln won,
    showed how slavery had divided the country.

9
What We Already Learned
In 1858, Lincoln himself had warned that slavery
might fatally divided the Union.
  • A house divided against itself cannot stand. I
    believe this government cannot endure,
    permanently half slave and half free.
  • I do not expect the Union to be dissolved I do
    not expect the house to fall but I do expect it
    will cease to be divided.
  • It will become all one thing, or all the other.

10
What We Already Learned
Read aloud with me!
  • After Lincolns election, seven Southern states
    seceded and by February 1861 had formed the
    Confederate States of America.

11
What We Already Learned
  • In his inaugural address, Lincoln reassured the
    South that he had no intention of interfering
    with slavery, but also spoke forcefully against
    secession.

12
What We Already Learned
  • Lincoln wanted no invasion, but he would not
    abandon the governments forts in the South.
  • Most of these, including Fort Sumter in South
    Carolina, were still manned by Union troops.
  • These forts would soon need to be resupplied.

13
1. How did the secession of the Southern states
confirm the fears Lincoln had expressed in his
House Divided speech?
  1. The powers of the House of Representatives would
    have to be increased.
  2. It demonstrated that Congress was too weak to
    deal with the nation's problems.
  3. It showed how the issue of slavery was
    threatening the Union.
  4. It meant slavery would have to be outlawed in the
    United States.

14
1. How did the secession of the Southern states
confirm the fears Lincoln had expressed in his
House Divided speech?
  1. The powers of the House of Representatives would
    have to be increased.
  2. It demonstrated that Congress was too weak to
    deal with the nation's problems.
  3. It showed how the issue of slavery was
    threatening the Union.
  4. It meant slavery would have to be outlawed in the
    United States.

15
First Shots at Fort Sumter
  • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.

Read aloud with me!
16
First Shots at Fort Sumter
  • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
  • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
    Sumter.

17
First Shots at Fort Sumter
  • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
  • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
    Sumter.
  • Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregards shore
    guns fired on the fort for 34 hours.

18
First Shots at Fort Sumter
  • Fort Sumter was running out of supplies.
  • Lincoln decided to send supply ships to Fort
    Sumter.
  • Confederate commander P.G.T. Beauregard's shore
    guns fired on the fort for 34 hours.
  • The fort commander
  • Major Robert Anderson
  • was forced to surrender
  • on April 14th, 1861

19
First Shots at Fort Sumter
  • Two days after the surrender of Fort Sumter,
    President Lincoln asked the Union states to
    provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to put down
    the uprising in the South.

20
2. Where were the first shots of the Civil War
fired?
  • Fort Sumter was where the first shots of the
    Civil War were fired.

21
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
  • Lincolns call for 75,000 state militia troops
    for 90 days led to enthusiasm in the North.

22
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
  • In both North, and South, many responded with
    excitement, relief, or eagerness.
  • Some feared the war would be over before they
    got a chance to fight.

23
3. Which seven states were the first to secede to
form the Confederacy?
Which one is NOT included?
24
3. Which seven states were the first to secede to
form the Confederacy?
  1. South Carolina
  2. Mississippi
  3. Kentucky
  4. Florida
  5. Alabama
  6. Georgia
  7. Louisiana
  8. Texas

Which one is NOT included?
25
3. Which seven states were the first to secede to
form the Confederacy?
  1. South Carolina
  2. Mississippi
  3. Kentucky
  4. Florida
  5. Alabama
  6. Georgia
  7. Louisiana
  8. Texas

Which one is NOT included?
26
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
  • Southern states that had not yet seceded reacted
    with shock and anger to this decision.
  • They thought Lincolns call for troops was evil
    and aggressive.

27
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
  • Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas
    voted to join the Confederacy.

28
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia
  • As in the North, Southern volunteers also rushed
    to enlist, with many fearing the war would be
    over before they could join the fight.

29
Virginias Secession
  • With Virginia on its side, the Confed-eracy had a
    much better chance for victory.
  • The Confederacy was strengthened by Virginias
    wealth, population, and prestige.

30
Virginias Secession
  • In recognition of Virginias importance, the
    Confederacy moved its capital to Richmond.

31
Lees Decision
  • Lincoln prepared for the war by offering command
    of all Union forces to the talented general,
    Robert E. Lee.
  • Unwilling to fight against his home state, Lee
    resigned from the U.S. Army and offered his
    services to the Confederacy.

32
4. Why was Virginia important to the Confederacy?
  1. It was home to many important factories.
  2. It was a large and wealthy state.
  3. It was the home of the talented general, Robert
    E. Lee.
  4. Its mountains and valleys served as a protective
    barrier for the Confederate capital in Charleston.

Choose all that are true!
33
4. Why was Virginia important to the Confederacy?
  1. It was home to many important factories.
  2. It was a large and wealthy state.
  3. It was the home of the talented general, Robert
    E. Lee.
  4. Its mountains and valleys served as a protective
    barrier for the Confederate capital in Charleston.

Choose all that are true!
34
4. Why was Virginia important to the Confederacy?
  1. It was home to many important factories.
  2. It was a large and wealthy state.
  3. It was the home of the talented general, Robert
    E. Lee.
  4. Its mountains and valleys served as a protective
    barrier for the Confederate capital in Charleston.

Choose all that are true!
35
5. Why did Robert E. Lee decide to fight for the
Confederacy ?
  1. He did not support the idea of the Union.
  2. He hoped to serve in the Confederate government
    some day.
  3. He refused to fight against his home state.
  4. He wanted to keep using slaves on his plantation.

36
5. Why did Robert E. Lee decide to fight for the
Confederacy ?
  1. He did not support the idea of the Union.
  2. He hoped to serve in the Confederate government
    some day.
  3. He refused to fight against his home state.
  4. He wanted to keep using slaves on his plantation.

37
Choosing Sides
  • It was important to Lincoln that the border
    states did not secede.
  • Border states were slave states that bordered the
    North and had not yet seceded.

38
Choosing Sides
  • The location and resources of the border states
    made them pivotal in tipping the scales to one
    side or the other.

39
Choosing Sides
  • Maryland was of great concern.
  • If Maryland seceded, then Washington, D.C., would
    be cut off from the rest of the Union.

40
Choosing Sides
  • Lincoln sent in troops and ordered the arrest of
    Maryland politicians who were sympathetic to the
    South.

YOURE BUSTED!!
41
Choosing Sides
  • Lincoln sent in troops and ordered the arrest of
    Maryland politicians who were sympathetic to the
    South.
  • Because of Lincolns decisive actions, both
    Maryland and Delaware stayed in the Union.

42
Choosing Sides
  • Kentucky was deeply divided over secession.
  • Its rivers could provide an invasion route into
    the South, or provide a barrier for the South.
  • An 1861 invasion by Confederate troops convinced
    the state to stay in the Union.

43
Choosing Sides
  • Western Virginia, with the help of Union troops,
    broke away from Virginia and returned to the
    Union.

44
Choosing Sides
  • In Missouri, Union troops and local unionists
    fought against secessionists.
  • In the end, Missouri also stayed in the Union.

45
6. Why were the border states important to both
sides?
46
6. Why were the border states important to both
sides?
  1. Their location and resources made them pivotal in
    tipping the scales to one side or the other.
  2. They contained most of the people and wealth of
    the country.
  3. They believed in secession, but did not recognize
    slavery.
  4. Many European immigrants lived there, and could
    influence the support of European nations.

47
6. Why were the border states important to both
sides?
  1. Their location and resources made them pivotal in
    tipping the scales to one side or the other.
  2. They contained most of the people and wealth of
    the country.
  3. They believed in secession, but did not recognize
    slavery.
  4. Many European immigrants lived there, and could
    influence the support of European nations.

48
7. Which border state was formed when it seceded
from a Confederate state?
  1. North Carolina
  2. North Dakota
  3. West Virginia
  4. New Jersey
  5. Arkansas

49
7. Which border state was formed when it seceded
from a Confederate state?
  1. North Carolina
  2. North Dakota
  3. West Virginia
  4. New Jersey
  5. Arkansas

50
7. Which border state was formed when it seceded
from a Confederate state?
  1. North Carolina
  2. North Dakota
  3. West Virginia
  4. New Jersey
  5. Arkansas

51
Lesson 16.1b Strengths and Strategies
  • Today we will list the strengths and describe the
    strategies of each side at the beginning of the
    Civil War.

52
Vocabulary
  • strength a skill or an advantage
  • strategy long-term plan for success
  • agrarian having to do with agriculture or
    farming
  • diplomat one who is appointed by his government
    to maintain relations with another country

53
What is an agrarian economy?
Noko shakai to wa nanidesu ka?
54
What is a strategy?
55
What We Already Learned
  • Charleston, South Carolinas shore guns fired on
    Fort Sumter until it was forced to surrender.

56
What We Already Learned
  • Two days after the surrender of Fort Sumter,
    President Lincoln asked the Union states to
    provide 75,000 militiamen for 90 days to put down
    the uprising in the South.

57
What We Already Learned
  1. North Carolina
  2. North Dakota
  3. West Virginia
  4. New Jersey
  5. Arkansas

Lincolns call for troops led four more states to
join the Confederacy.
58
Strengths and Weaknesses
59
Industrial capacity
  • About 85 of all factories were in the North.
  • Factories 110,000 to 18,000
  • Factory workers 1,198,000 to 111,000
  • An industrial economy is invigorated by war, and
    an agrarian economy is devastated by war.

60
Farm acreage
  • 65 in the North
  • 35 in the South

61
Railroad system
  • 21,847 miles in the North vs. 8,947 miles in the
    South (71 to 29)
  • Much of the southern rail lines had different
    gauges.

62
Population
  • Union population 22 million (71)
  • Confederate population 9 million (29) 3.5
    million were slaves

63
Public Support
  • Public opinion was divided in the Union.
  • Some Northerners want to fight for union, others
    wanted to let the South go its own way.
  • The South suffered from too much democracy.
  • Southern citizens often refused to pay taxes, or
    provide slaves and supplies to the Confederate
    army.
  • Some Southern states even threatened to secede
    from the Confederacy.

64
Economic Policies
  • Confederates didnt exploit the Union blockade
    before it tightened.
  • Unwillingness to tax citizens
  • Confederacy didnt promote manufacturing
  • Refused to free slaves for military service

65
Wealth
  • More people means more money.
  • More manufacturing means more money (1.7 billion
    in the North vs. 1.56 million in the South)
  • Most banks were in the North.

66
Established government
  • Confederacy began with neither a national
    government nor constitution
  • Lincolns leadership

67
Military tradition leadership
  • More of the most experienced and able commanders
    were from the South.
  • Most Southern men could ride and shoot well.
  • The South had always had a military school
    tradition.

68
An established navy
  • Nearly all shipyards were in the North.
  • Most naval officers were Northerners.
  • The Union would be able to blockade the
    Confederate coastline.

69
Diplomacy and Foreign Policy
  • Union Secretary of State William Seward was an
    able diplomat.
  • US-Britain relations were very good in 1861.
  • The Union had many trade ties w/Britain.
  • European countries were opposed to slavery.

70
Location
  • Most battles would have to be fought in the
    South.
  • Confederates would have knowledge of the land.
  • Southerners would be close to their supply lines.

71
Motivation
  • Northern reasons for fighting (preserving the
    Union) were indistinct.
  • Southerners fought to defend their homes and way
    of life.

72
8. What were the strengths of the Union when the
war began?
  1. More people and factories
  2. Talented generals
  3. Strong public support
  4. An established navy
  5. An established government
  6. Better motivation

Choose ALL that are true!
73
8. What were the strengths of the Union when the
war began?
  1. More people and factories
  2. Talented generals
  3. Strong public support
  4. An established navy
  5. An established government
  6. Better motivation

Choose ALL that are true!
74
8. What were the strengths of the Union when the
war began?
  1. More people and factories
  2. Talented generals
  3. Strong public support
  4. An established navy
  5. An established government
  6. Better motivation

Choose ALL that are true!
75
8. What were the strengths of the Union when the
war began?
  1. More people and factories
  2. Talented generals
  3. Strong public support
  4. An established navy
  5. An established government
  6. Better motivation

Choose ALL that are true!
76
9. What were the Confederacys strengths at the
beginning of the war ?
  1. An established navy
  2. Military tradition and leadership
  3. Defensive strategy
  4. More railroads
  5. Better motivation
  6. Good relations with foreign countries
  7. Presidential leadership

Choose ALL that are true!
77
9. What were the Confederacys strengths at the
beginning of the war ?
  1. An established navy
  2. Military tradition and leadership
  3. Defensive strategy
  4. More railroads
  5. Better motivation
  6. Good relations with foreign countries
  7. Presidential leadership

Choose ALL that are true!
78
9. What were the Confederacys strengths at the
beginning of the war ?
  1. An established navy
  2. Military tradition and leadership
  3. Defensive strategy
  4. More railroads
  5. Better motivation
  6. Good relations with foreign countries
  7. Presidential leadership

Choose ALL that are true!
79
9. What were the Confederacys strengths at the
beginning of the war ?
  1. An established navy
  2. Military tradition and leadership
  3. Defensive strategy
  4. More railroads
  5. Better motivation
  6. Good relations with foreign countries
  7. Presidential leadership

Choose ALL that are true!
80
The Union Strategy
  • General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan

81
The Union Strategy
  • General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan
  • A naval blockade of the Souths coastline

82
The Union Strategy
  • General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan
  • A naval blockade of the Souths coastline Union
    to split the Confederacy in two by gaining
    control of the Mississippi River

83
The Union Strategy
  • General Winfield Scotts Anaconda Plan
  • A naval blockade of the Souths coastline
  • Union to split the Confederacy in two by gaining
    control of the Mississippi River
  • Capture Richmond, the Confederate capital
  • One drawback it would take time to work.

84
The Confederate Strategy
  • At first, a defensive strategy
  • No need to invade or conquer your enemy just
    survive until Northerners grew tired of the war
    and accept Southern independence

85
The Confederate Strategy
King Cotton was withheld from the market as a
way to win foreign support.
86
The Confederate Strategy
  • King Cotton referred to cottons importance to
    the South and to the worlds economy.

87
The Confederate Strategy
  • Unfortunately for the Confederacy, European
    nations had surplus cotton in their warehouses.

88
The Confederate Strategy
  • Unfortunately for the Confederacy, European
    nations had surplus cotton in their warehouses.
  • Most did not want to get involved in a foreign
    war.

89
The Confederate Strategy
  • Unfortunately for the Confederacy, European
    nations had surplus cotton in their warehouses.
  • Most did not want to get involved in a foreign
    war.
  • Britain had begun cultivating cotton in its
    colonies in India.

90
The Confederate Strategy
  • As the war went on, the South began to take the
    offensive, hoping to wreck Northern morale.

91
10. Why did the Confederates believe that they
would be helped by Britain?
  1. They could increase cotton production as a form
    of bribery to foreign textile-producing nations.
  2. They portrayed themselves as victims of Northern
    aggression and brutality.
  3. They could withhold cotton from world markets,
    and force France and Britain to aid the
    Confederate cause.
  4. They were lending money to foreign governments in
    an attempt to buy their assistance.

92
10. Why did the Confederates believe that they
would be helped by Britain?
  1. They could increase cotton production as a form
    of bribery to foreign textile-producing nations.
  2. They portrayed themselves as victims of Northern
    aggression and brutality.
  3. They could withhold cotton from world markets,
    and force France and Britain to aid the
    Confederate cause.
  4. They were lending money to foreign governments in
    an attempt to buy their assistance.

93
11. What were the three parts of the Unions
Anaconda Plan?
  1. Withhold factory goods from Britain until we have
    their help in the war
  2. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
  3. Capture of the Confederate capital city
  4. Union control of the Mississippi River
  5. Reliance upon European aid

Choose ALL that are true!
94
11. What were the three parts of the Unions
Anaconda Plan?
  1. Withhold factory goods from Britain until we have
    their help in the war
  2. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
  3. Capture of the Confederate capital city
  4. Union control of the Mississippi River
  5. Reliance upon European aid

Choose ALL that are true!
95
11. What were the three parts of the Unions
Anaconda Plan?
  1. Withhold factory goods from Britain until we have
    their help in the war
  2. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
  3. Capture of the Confederate capital city
  4. Union control of the Mississippi River
  5. Reliance upon European aid

Choose ALL that are true!
96
11. What were the three parts of the Unions
Anaconda Plan?
  1. Withhold factory goods from Britain until we have
    their help in the war
  2. Naval blockade of the South's coastline
  3. Capture of the Confederate capital city
  4. Union control of the Mississippi River
  5. Reliance upon European aid

Choose ALL that are true!
97
Battle of Bull Run
  • To take Richmond, the railway center of Manassas,
    southwest of Washington, D.C., would have to be
    taken first.
  • July 21, 1861, Union forces clashed with
    Confederate forces near a little creek called
    Bull Run.

98
Battle of Bull Run
  • General Irvin McDowell led Union forces
    against Confederates commanded by
  • General Pierre Beauregard.

99
Battle of Bull Run
  • The battle was confusing, due to the smoke, the
    noise, and the similarities in flags and uniforms
    that day.

100
Battle of Bull Run
  • At first, Union troops outnumbered the
    Confederates and had the upper hand.

101
Battle of Bull Run
  • Fresh Confederate troops arrived by railroad,
    and the tide of battle began to turn.

102
Battle of Bull Run
  • Eventually, the Union troops broke ranks and fled
    all the way back to Washington, D.C.

103
Battle of Bull Run
  • The Confederate victory thrilled the South and
    many in the South thought the war was won.
  • Lincoln sent the 90-day militias home and called
    for a real army of 500,000 volunteers for three
    years.
  • It was beginning to look like it would be a long
    war.

104
12. How did Lincoln react after the Battle of
Bull Run?
  1. He replaced General Meade with Ulysses S. Grant.
  2. He considered resigning from the presidency.
  3. He called for 500,000 volunteers to enlist for
    three years.
  4. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

105
12. How did Lincoln react after the Battle of
Bull Run?
  1. He replaced General Meade with Ulysses S. Grant.
  2. He considered resigning from the presidency.
  3. He called for 500,000 volunteers to enlist for
    three years.
  4. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.

106
Copy the following chart on the top ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
First Shots at Fort Sumter Lincolns dilemma He had to decide what to do with the Federal Forts within the Confederate States of America (CSA) borders... IF Lincoln attempted to resupply the Union forts, he risked starting a war with the CSA...
First Shots at Fort Sumter Lincolns decision He informed South Carolina that he was sending supply ships to Fort Sumter...
First Shots at Fort Sumter Confederate response Leaders of the Confederacy decided to prevent the Federal Government from holding on to Fort Sumter by attacking Fort Sumter... B.Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard commanded the CSA forces that were shelling Fort Sumter...
First Shots at Fort Sumter Outcome After 34 hours of continuous shelling, Fort Sumters Commander, Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort to Confederate forces... This was the BEGINNING of the Civil War...
107
Copy the following chart on the middle ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Northern states response President Lincoln asked Union States to provide 75,000 militiaman for 90 days to put down the Southern uprising... Northerners responded to Lincolns call with excitement and enthusiasm...
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Southern states response Southern leaders responded with anger to Lincolns call for troops VA, NC, TN, AR all voted to join the Confederacy (CSA)... Southerners also responded with excitement and enthusiasm to go and fight against the Union...
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Virginias importance VA was a wealthy, prestigious populous state... it was also the home to the CSA capital, Richmond, VA...
Lincoln Calls Out the Militia Lees decision Robert E. Lee resigned from the U.S. Army and joined the CSA, even though he opposed slavery, and secession... He would not fight against his native home-state of Virginia (VA)...
108
Copy the following chart on the bottom ten (10)
lines of Portfolio p87
Choosing Sides Importance of the border states Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri, all stayed within the Union... Their location resources were very important to the Union. These states could tip the scale ...
Choosing Sides Maryland Pro-Union leaders gained control of the Maryland legislature, and Maryland stayed with the Union...
Choosing Sides Kentucky Divided over secession, a CSA invasion in 1861 prompted Kentucky to stay in the Union...
Choosing Sides Virginia seceded from the Union, and joined the CSA... Counties in Western Virginia formed the state of West Virginia and stayed IN the Union...
Choosing Sides Missouri Missouri stayed in the Union, though Anti-Slavery forces still battled Pro-Slavery forces within the state... Missouri did stay in the Union ...
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