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Trench Warfare

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Trench Warfare Social Studies Grade 8 No Man s Land Trench Foot Many soldiers fighting in the First World War suffered from trench foot. This was an infection of ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Trench Warfare


1
Trench Warfare
  • Social Studies
  • Grade 8

2
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4
No Mans Land
5
Trench Foot
  • Many soldiers fighting in the First World War
    suffered from trench foot. This was an infection
    of the feet caused by cold, wet and unsanitary
    conditions. In the trenches men stood for hours
    on end in waterlogged trenches without being able
    to remove wet socks or boots. The feet would
    gradually go numb and the skin would turn red or
    blue. If untreated, trench foot could turn
    gangrenous and result in amputation. Trench foot
    was a particular problem in the early stages of
    the war. For example, during the winter of
    1914-15 over 20,000 men in the British Army were
    treated for trench foot.

6
Trench Foot
7
Trench FootRemedy
  • The only remedy for trench foot was for the
    soldiers to dry their feet and change their socks
    several times a day. By the end of 1915 British
    soldiers in the trenches had to have three pairs
    of socks with them and were under orders to
    change their socks at least twice a day. As well
    as drying their feet, soldiers were told to cover
    their feet with a grease made from whale-oil. It
    has been estimated that a battalion at the front
    would use ten gallons of whale-oil every day. 

8
Trench Mouth
  • Trench mouth is a painful bacterial infection and
    ulceration of the gums
  • Trench mouth is a painful form of gingivitis (gum
    inflammation). The term "trench mouth" comes from
    World War I, when the disorder was common among
    soldiers.
  • The mouth normally contains a balance of
    different microorganisms. Trench mouth occurs
    when there is too much mouth bacteria resulting
    in infection of the gums, which develop painful
    ulcers . Viruses may be involved in allowing the
    bacteria to overgrow

9
Trench Mouth
  • Causes
  • Poor oral hygiene
  • Poor nutrition
  • Throat, tooth or mouth infections
  • Smoking
  • Emotional stress

10
Trench Mouth
11
Zig - Zag Trenches
12
John Bernard Croak
13
Croak
  • The Croak family moved to Glace Bay, Nova Scotia
    when John was two years old. He attended school
    there and then began work as a coal miner. Croak
    enlisted in the military in 1915. He was 26 years
    old, and a private in the 13th (Royal Highlanders
    of Canada) Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary
    Force during the First World War when the
    following deed took place for which he was
    awarded the VC.
  • On 8 August 1918 at Amiens, France, Private
    Croak, having become separated from his section,
    encountered a machine-gun which he proceeded to
    bomb, taking the gun and crew prisoners. Shortly
    afterwards he was severely wounded, but
    nevertheless rejoined his platoon. When several
    more machine-guns at a strong point were
    encountered, Croak, seeing an opportunity, dashed
    forward, followed almost immediately by the rest
    of the platoon in a brilliant charge. He was the
    first to arrive at the trench line into which he
    led his men, bayoneting or capturing the entire
    garrison. He was again wounded and died shortly
    thereafter at the age of only 26

14
Croak or Croke
  • The Newfoundland spelling of the name is "Croke,"
    and that is also how it appears on Pvt. Croak's
    birth certificate. However, Pvt. Croak enlisted
    with this spelling, which remains on many of his
    official documents.
  • In Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, where John Bernard
    Croak grew up, there is a school, a park and a
    Royal Canadian Legion branch named in his honour.

15
Tommy Rickets
  • Tommy Ricketts was born in Middle Arm, White Bay,
    on April 15, 1901. He enlisted for service in
    September 1916, a grim time in the war. Just two
    months earlier, the Regiment was decimated at
    Beaumont Hamel, during the Battle of the Somme.
  • Barely 15, Ricketts was well aware of the risks
    of enlisting. However, he was certainly not the
    only teenager to tell recruiting officers he was
    older than he was.
  • Tommy Ricketts is a household name, decades
    later, because of what he did in battle on Oct.
    14, 1918, in Ledgeham, Belgium an act of
    courage so remarkable he was awarded the Victoria
    Cross, the highest award for valour

16
Ricketts
  • "During the advance from Ledgehem the attack was
    temporarily held up by heavy hostile fire, and
    the platoon to which he belonged suffered severe
    casualties from the fire of a battery at point
    blank range. Private Ricketts at once volunteered
    to go forward with his Section Commander and a
    Lewis gun to attempt to outflank the battery.
    They advanced by short rushes while subject to
    severe fire from enemy machine guns.
  • When 300 yards away, their ammunition gave out.
    The enemy, seeing an opportunity to get their
    field guns away, began to bring up their gun
    teams. Private Ricketts at once realized the
    situation. He doubled back 100 yards, procured
    some ammunition and dashed back to the Lewis gun,
    and by very accurate fire drove the enemy and
    their gun teams into a farm. His platoon then
    advanced without casualties, and captured four
    field guns, four machine guns and eight
    prisoners. A fifth field gun was subsequently
    intercepted by fire and captured. By his presence
    of mind in anticipating the enemy intention and
    his utter disregard for personal safety, Private
    Ricketts secured the further supplies of
    ammunition which directly resulted in these
    important captures and undoubtedly saved many
    lives."

17
Ricketts
  • Three months later, Ricketts was awarded the
    Victoria Cross by King George V, who introduced
    Ricketts as "the youngest VC in my army." The
    King wrote in his diary on Jan. 20, 1919, the
    following entry "Yesterday I gave the V.C. to
    Private Ricketts, Newfoundland Regiment, who is
    only 17 and a half now, a splendid boy."
  • Ricketts returned to Newfoundland a hero, but a
    modest one. For the rest of his life, he never
    boasted of his valour, and was content to keep a
    low profile in private life.
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