CH 5 Section 4-5

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CH 5 Section 4-5
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IV.RISE OF CHRISTIANITY (Pg 166)

• Constantine--1st Roman emperor to convert to
  Christianity
• A. Early Empire Include Diverse Religions
• 1. Rome Tolerates Diversity
• a. Polytheism Monotheism
  coexisted

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• 2. Divisions Arise in Judea
• a. Roman rule of Judea
• i. Jews excused from worshiping
  Roman gods

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• b. Strict Judaism in Judea
• i. Zealotswanted revolt from Rome
• ii. Waiting for the Messiah

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• 3. A Jewish Rebellion is Defeated
• a. Romans destroyed much of Jerusalem
• many Jews left Judea(the Diaspora)

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The Siege and Destruction of Jerusalem, by David
Roberts (1850)
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• 1. Jesus Begins Preachingin Judea
• a. A descendent of King David
• b. Grew up Jewish
• c. His 12 disciples, or apostles
• d. message spread to Jerusalem

Sermon on the Mount,illustration by Carl
Heinrich Bloch, 19th c.
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The 12 Disciples at the Last Supper
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• B. Jesus Proclaims His Teachings
• -teachings written in Gospelsfirst 4 books of
  New Testament bible (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John)

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• 2. Jesus Teaches New Beliefs
• a. Messiah (son of Godsavior of man)Christ
• b. Salvation, eternal life to his
  followers

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• 3. Condemned to Death
• a. Jewish priests felt threatened by
  Jesus
• b. crucifixion

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• 4. Unique Aspects of Jesus Teachings --the
  Trinity
• --son of God --Messiah
• --Need for justice --salvation
• --Forgiveness of sins --love all --Communion
• --New Testament --Sunday Sabbath
• --love God with whole heart
• --all EQUAL in eyes of God

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The Teaching of ChristVideo Clip
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• C. Message of Christianity Spreads ( by
  apostles)
• 1. Paul Spreads Christianity
• a. Helped to begin separate religion of
  Christianity
• through his
• traveling
• preaching

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• 2. Christians Are Oppressed
• a. Punished executed by Romans
• martyrs
• Examples Peter Paul
• Peter1st Christian Pope, crucified upside down
  in Rome on the site that would become the Vatican
• though art Peter upon this rock I will build
  my churchMatthew 16 13-20

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• 3. The Message Appeals to Many
• a. Appeal to the poor due to message
  that all are equal in Gods eyes
• b. Salvation
• c. Used Roman roads to travel through
  empire spreading Christianity

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Roman Roads
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• 4. Rome Accepts Christianity
• a. Emperor Constantine (313AD)
• 1. Edict of Milanfreedom of
  worship to all citizens of Rome

Spread of Christianity to AD 325       Spread
of Christianity to AD 600
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Constantine
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• D. The Early Christian Church Develops
• 1. Early Christian Communities Shared
• a. Faith in Jesus teachings
• b. Common way of worship
• c. Worshipped in secrecy
• d. Executed if found

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Romans fed Christian to lions at the Colosseum
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Roman Catacombs
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• 2. Joining the Church
• a. Appealed to people (s)
• i. Equality
• ii. Sacraments
• Baptism, Eucharist (communion),
  Marriage, Last Rites
• iii. Sunday Sabbath

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• 3. Structuring the Clergy
• a. Pope/Patriarch
• Bishop Bishop Bishop
• Diocese Diocese Diocese
• priest community

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• 4. Differences Arise Within the Church
• a. Battle of the Popes
• b. Heresy

The Sixth Commandment Thou shalt not kill.
(Exodus 2013)
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• 5. Scholars Further Define Christianity
• a.Clement
• b.Origen
• c. Augustinecombined Christian doctrine w/
  learning of Greco-Roman learning (Plato)

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Christianity Spreads in Roman Empire
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V. THE LONG DECLINE

• A. The Roman Empire Divides

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• 1. Threats
• a. Economic problems
• b. Foreign invasion
• c. Decline of traditional Roman
  values
• d. End of Pax Romana 180AD
• 1. w/death of emperor Marcus
  Aurelius

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Romeat end of Pax Romana 56 million people!
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• 2. Political Violence Becomes Common
• a. Emperors overthrowninstability
• 3. Social Economic Problems Arise
• a. High taxes (1 in 3 were slaves)
• b. Oppressive govt
• c. Over-farmed landnot enough food,
  high prices

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• 4. Emperor Diocletian Shares Power
• a. He divided empire based on geography
• West East
• Maximian Diocletian
• Rome Constantinople
• declining growing
• Latin language Greek language
• poorer wealthier
• both weakened

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Rome split in half
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• b. Economic inflation (prices incomes )
• c. Travel restricted
• d. In cities, sons had to carry on fathers
  occupationno choice

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• 5. Emperor Constantine Makes Further
  Reforms
• a. Took throne in 312 AD

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• b. Reforms
• i. Granted toleration to Christians
• --Edict of Milan in 313AD
• ii. Created a new capital
  Constantinople (today is Istanbul)
• Eastern empire w/ more power

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• 6. Improvements Prove Temporary
• a. Revived economy short-term fix
• b. Increased govt power

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• B. Invaders Threaten the Roman Empire
• 1. Migrating Nomads Attack
• a. The Huns
• i. Other German tribes fled from Huns into
  Roman territory
• --Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Vandals,
  Lombards

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All flee from the Huns
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Attila the Huns the scourge of God
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• 2. Rome is Sacked 378 AD
• a. Western empire (Rome, Italy) overrun
• b. Attila the Hun
• the DARK AGES begin

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• C. Many Problems Cause Rome to Fall
• 1. Military Attacks
• a. Invasions Rome hired unloyal
  mercenaries (not enough soldiers so had
  to hire Barbarians)

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• 2. Political Turmoil
• a. More oppressive govtno support
  from people
• b. Corrupt officials
• c. Civil wars over imperial
  succession

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• 3. Economic Weakness
• a. High taxes to support army
  (mercenaries) govt
• b. High of slaves (1 of every 3
  people in Rome a slavenot paying taxes so
  the rest of the 2/3 had to pay more taxes)

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• c. Farmers abandoned their land
• i. Couldnt pay taxes
• ii. Not yielding enough food to harvest
  (overfarmed land)

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• d. Middle class becomes poor
• e. Population declines (due to war, disease,
  starvation)
• i. Decreased tax base
• ii. Decreased supply of soldiers

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• 4. Social Decay
• a. Decline in traditional Roman values
• i. Patriotism
• ii. Discipline
• iii. Devotion to duty emperor

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• 5. Did Rome Really Fall?
• a. Only in the West
• b. East ? Byzantine Empire
  (Constantinople its capital)
• rest of Europe now in DARK AGES for next 500
  years!

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The Roman Empire