Alcohol

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Alcohol

• Alcohol Use A High-Risk Behavior
• Chapter 25 Lesson 1

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Do Now

• Make two columns on a sheet of paper. In the left
  column, list at least three reasons teens give
  for drinking. In the right column, list at least
  three reasons teens give for choosing not to
  drink.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 1Objectives

1. List reasons young people choose to drink.
2. Describe some factors that affect teen alcohol
   use.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 1Health Concepts

• Alcohol is a drug that has great potential for
  abuse.
• Drinking is against the law for minors, and it
  can have serious legal consequences.
• Drinking alcohol can be a high-risk behavior at
  any age, and it can damage or even ruin ones
  health, one's life, and the lives of others.
• Teens who drink alcohol do so for variety of
  reasons.

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Alcohol Use A High-Risk Behavior

• Activity 1 Turn to a Neighbor
• Define the following terms and provide examples
  for each term
• Ethanol
• Fermentation
• Intoxication

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MYTHS ABOUT ALCOHOL

• Using alcohol on weekends or only once in a while
  is harmless.
• People can get into serious health, legal and
  social situations anytime they use alcohol.
• When a person has a hangover, coffee, a cold
  shower, or fresh air will sober him or her up.
• These practices do not speed up the livers
  ability to break down the alcohol, so they dont
  help to sober a person up.

• Drinking alcohol through a straw filters out
  the alcoholic content of the beverage.
• The alcohol content remains the same no matter
  how the drug is delivered into the body.
• Someone who doesnt seem drunk cant be drunk..
• Many people, particularly those with alcohol
  problems, can drink a lot without showing the
  obvious signs of drunkenness.
• Beer and wine are safer drinks than hard
  liquors like whiskey.
• One standard serving of beer, wine, or spirits
  contains the same amount of alcohol.

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What is Alcohol?

• Alcohol, or more properly speaking, ETHANOL the
  type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages- is
  a powerful drug.
• Ethanol can be made synthetically, or it can be
  produced naturally by fermentation of fruits,
  vegetables, or grains.
• FERMENTATION is the chemical action of yeast on
  sugars.
• Water, flavoring, and minerals are added to
  ethanol to form one of several beverages,
  including beer and wine.
• Alcohol can also be processed to create spirits
  or liquors such as whiskey, rye, gin and vodka.

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What is Alcohol?

• At first, alcohol may give the drinker a certain
  energy and buzz.
• Soon, however, its true nature as a depressant
  takes over, causing the central nervous system
  to slow down.
• At some point in the consumption of alcohol,
  a state of intoxication sets in.
• INTOXICATION is physical and mental impairment
  resulting from the use of alcohol, and can range
  from an inability to walk to unconsciousness.

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Alcohol and Teens

• In recent years, as evidence of the harm drinking
  can do has increased, alcohol consumption among
  adults has declined.
• Yet, its use among teens has risen.
• At any age, alcohol use can become a high-risk
  behavior that affects the lives and health of
  drinkers and those around them.
• For teens, alcohol can have a negative impact on
  them.
• What can alcohol effect?

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Alcohol and Teens
SCHOOL WORK FRIENDSHIPS CAREER GOALS
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS RELATIONSHIPS
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Alcohol and Teens

• Half of all teens who die each year die as a
  direct result of alcohol or other drug use, and
  many of these deaths happen in accidents.
• Alcohol is a factor in many unplanned pregnancies
  as well as in cases of sexually transmitted
  diseases, dating violence, rapes, suicides, and
  homicides.
• Nearly 5 million problem drinkers in this country
  are between the ages of 14 and 17.

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Why Do Young People Drink

• To escape pressures or problems,
• To feel better or get over being sad or lonely,
• To deal with stress and relax,
• To feel more self-confident in social situations,
• For excitement,
• Because their friends are doing it,
• To deal with boredom,
• To get away with something they are not supposed
  to do, and
• To fit in.

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Factors that Affect Teen Alcohol Use

• Friends
• Family
• Advertisements- many of these ads are aimed at
  teen audience and include one or more of the
  following
• Young people who are handsome, attractive, fit,
  and healthy looking.
• A party-like atmosphere with upbeat music.
• An otherwise healthful environment, often in the
  beauty of the outdoors.
• Problem-free drinking
• A verbal message that really does not say
  anything about the risks of using the product.

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Effects of Advertising

• Alcohol is an aid to successful, romantic, and
  problem-free relationships.
• Working situations.
• Recreational opportunities.
• Sporting events are sponsored in part by
  liquor or beer companies.
• T-shirts and hats are promotions given to
  people to sell their product.

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You and Your Decisions About Drinking

• Everyone has the need to belong, to feel loved,
  and to feel important.
• It is possible to meet these needs in many ways.
• DRINKING DOES NOT HAVE TO BE ONE OF THEM!

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Chapter 25 Lesson1Review

1. What is the name of the drug contained in
   alcoholic beverages?
2. Identify five reasons why many teens drink
   alcohol.
3. Name three techniques that advertisers use to get
   people to buy alcohol products.

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Alcohol

• What Alcohol Does to the Body
• Chapter 25 Lesson 2

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Chapter 25 Lesson 2

• Do Now
• List as many parts of the body as you can think
  of that are affected by alcohol use. Think in
  terms of long-term and short-term effects.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 2Objectives

• After this lesson you will be able to
• explain the effects of alcohol on the body.
• describe the consequences of drinking and
  driving.
• identify the consequences of DWI and efforts to
  reduce DWIs.
• describe problems that occur when alcohol is
  mixed with other drugs or used during pregnancy.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 2

• Health concepts
• Alcohol can quickly impair a persons judgment
  and, over time, cause permanent and serious
  health problems.
• Being in the presence of someone under the
  influence of alcohol can place a persons health
  and safety in jeopardy
• Alcohol consumed by a pregnant female can damage
  the health of her fetus for life.
• Drinking and driving or riding with a drinking
  driver is taking a foolish, unnecessary, and
  sometimes deadly risk.

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What Alcohol Does to the Body

• Activity 1 Turn to a Neighbor
• Define the following terms and provide examples
  for each term
• Blood alcohol concentration (BAC)
• Designated drivers
• Fatty liver
• Cirrhosis
• Fetal alcohol syndrome

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• The short-term effects alcohol has on the body
  depend on several factors.
• Amount of alcohol consumed
• Body weight
• Amount of time alcohol is consumed
• Amount of food eaten

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What Alcohol Does to the Body

• Activity 2 Class Discussion
• What role food plays in slowing the absorption of
  alcohol in the body.
• What kinds of food might be more successful in
  slowing down the absorption process?

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• BRAIN
• Alcohol reaches the brain almost as soon as it is
  consumed
• It depresses the activity of the brain, slowing
  the work of the central nervous system.
• Thought processes are disorganized, and memory
  and concentration are dulled.
• Decision making can be badly effected.

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What Alcohol Does to the Body

• Activity 3 Class Discussion
• What signs indicate that alcohol has reached the
  brain of someone who is drinking?

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• LIVER
• The liver, in a process called oxidation, changes
  alcohol to water, carbon dioxide, and energy.
• The liver can oxidize only about 1/3 to ½ of an
  ounce of alcohol an hour.
• There is no way to speed up this process.
• Until the liver has time to oxidize all the
  alcohol, the alcohol keeps circulating through
  all body parts.
• Fatty liver is a condition in which fats build up
  in the liver and cannot be broken down.
• Cirrhosis is condition in which liver tissue is
  destroyed and then replaced with useless scar
  tissue

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• BLOOD VESSELS
• The blood carries the alcohol to all parts of
  the body, including the heart, liver, and brain.
• When alcohol enters the blood, it causes the
  blood vessels to dilate, or widen.
• The result is an increased flow of blood,
  especially to the skin.
• This makes the skin feel flush and warm.
• Body temperature actually decreases, and people
  who go out into the cold are at an increased risk
  for hypothermia.

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• HEART
• Alcohol causes an increase in heart rate and an
  increase in blood pressure.
• It can lead to arrhythmias, or abnormal
  heartbeats.
• It can cause scar tissue to build up in the
  muscle fibers of the heart.
• The risk of heart attack and stroke also
  increase.

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Short Term Effects of Drinking

• STOMACH
• Because the alcohol molecule is very small and
  water soluble, it does not have to be digested.
• It can be immediately absorbed from the stomach
  into the blood.
• Having food in the stomach slows the absorption
  process.
• Food will not keep a person from getting drunk.
• Large amounts of alcohol causes a large amount of
  gastric juices from the stomach lining,
  increasing these high acid juices causes stomach
  irritation.

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Driving Under the Influence

• Also known as- DUI
• BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION or BAC, is the
  amount of alcohol in a persons blood expressed
  as a percentage.
• Signs of being intoxicated can begin to
  appear at BAC as low as .02

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Driving Under the InfluenceDrink Wheel / Drink
Calculator for Breath Alcohol Testing

• Examples of Blood Alcohol Levels in males (160
  pounds).
• After 3 hours of drinking (1 drink 12 oz. of
  beer)
• Male 5 drinks BAC .076

• Examples of Blood Alcohol Levels in females (140
  pounds).
• After 3 hours of drinking (1 drink 12 oz.
  of beer)
• Female 4 drinks BAC .08

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Driving Under the Influence

• Driving experts and medical researchers have
  found that drinking on any level
• Reduces the ability to judge distances, speeds,
  and turns.
• Reduces the ability to judge accurately ones own
  capabilities and limitations
• Increases the tendency to take risks
• Slows reflexes
• Adds to forgetfulness to take precautions such as
  using signals when turning.
• Reduces the ability to concentrate

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Driving Under the InfluenceAdding the Drink
Wheel to Your Site - Breath Alcohol Testing

• At .02 light to moderate drinkers begin to feel
  some effects.
• At .04 most people begin to feel relaxed.
• At .06 judgment is somewhat impaired, people are
  less able to make rational decisions
  about their capabilities (for example,
  driving).
• At .08 there is a definite impairment of muscle
  coordination and driving skills this is legal
  level for intoxication in most states.
• At .10 there is a clear deterioration of
  reaction time and control this is legally drunk
  in all states.

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Driving Under the Influence

• At .12, vomiting usually occurs. Unless this
  level is reached slowly or a person has developed
  a tolerance to alcohol.
• At .15, balance and movement are impaired. This
  blood-alcohol level means the equivalent of 1/2
  pint of whiskey is circulating in the blood
  stream.
• At .30 many people lose consciousness.
• At .40 most people lose consciousness some
  die.
• At .45, breathing stops this is a fatal dose for
  most people

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Consequences of DWI

• Driving while intoxicated is the leading cause of
  death among teenagers. Each day in the U.S., 11
  teenagers are killed and over 350 are injured in
  alcohol-related motor vehicles crashes.
• Consequences of DWI
• Death
• Immediate confiscation of drivers license
• Arrest, trip to jail, court appearance, and fine
• Possible suspension of drivers license
• Cost of bail to get out of jail
• Higher insurance rates
• Possible lawsuits

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Alcohol and Pregnancy

• Scientist have found that heavy drinking by
  pregnant females carries a risk not only to
  themselves but to their unborn child.
• Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a condition in
  which a fetus has been adversely affected
  mentally and physically by its mothers heavy
  alcohol use during pregnancy.
• Mental retardation , poor attention span,
  nervousness, and hyperactivity is common in
  children born with FAS

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Alcohol and Pregnancy

• FAS babies also may exhibit some or all of the
  following problems
• Low birth weight
• Impaired speech
• Cleft palate
• General weakness
• Slow body growth
• Facial abnormalities
• Poor coordination
• Heart defects

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Alcohol and Pregnancy

• The alcohol the pregnant female drinks moves into
  her blood, then across the placenta, and through
  the umbilical cord into the blood of the unborn
  child.
• Any effects felt by the pregnant female as
  results of drinking are also experienced by the
  unborn child.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 2Review

1. What are three short-term and three long-term
   effects of using alcohol?
2. Identify four ways that drinking impairs driving.
3. What are some of the characteristics of children
   suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome?

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Alcohol

• Alcohol and Society
• Chapter 25 Lesson 3

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Chapter 25 Lesson 3

• Do Now
• Journal Entry
• Discuss in writing why the animated drunk is no
  longer considered to be comical.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 3Objectives

• After this lesson you will be able to
• Relate alcohol poisoning to blood alcohol level.
• Describe the three stages of alcoholism
• Discuss the costs of alcohol use to the family
  and society.

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Chapter 25 Lesson 3

• Health Concepts
• You do not have to be an alcoholic to get in
  trouble with alcohol.
• Alcoholism is a chronic disease that can be
  treated with total abstinence.
• Alcoholism imposes heavy costs on the family of
  the alcoholic and on society.
• Not drinking is the only responsible choice.
• There are many effective ways to say no to
  alcohol.

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Alcohol and Society

• Activity 1 Turn to a Neighbor
• Define the following terms and provide examples
  for each term
• Binge drinking
• Alcohol poisoning
• Alcoholism
• Delirium tremens (DTs)

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Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• Although most people equate problem drinking with
  the disease of alcoholism, there are other
  troubled patterns of alcohol use whose effects
  can be every bit as devastating.
• Some of these patterns can even be
  life-threatening.

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Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• BINGE DRINKING Is periodic excessive drinking.
• This type of drinking, which is popular among
  some high school and college students, can take
  the form of a social event or a contest to see
  who can drink the most in the shortest time.

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Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• For men, binge drinking is defined as downing
  five or more consecutive drinks.
• For women, drinking four or more drinks in a row
  is considered bingeing.
• "Research shows that females have the same rate
  of problems on four drinks as males do on five,"
  Wechsler said. "Thats probably because they have
  a lower body mass and metabolize alcohol more
  slowly."
• www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/2000/03.16/drink.htm
  

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Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• Some binge drinkers mistakenly believe that they
  are not really in trouble with alcohol because
  they do not drink every day.
• However, even alcoholics can go days on end
  without drinks until later stages of the
  disease.

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Patterns of Alcohol Abuse

• A danger associated more with binge drinking than
  with any other pattern of alcohol abuse is
  ALCOHOL POISONING A dangerous toxic
  condition that occurs when a person drinks a
  large amount of alcohol in a short period of
  time.
• Generally, when a persons blood alcohol level
  reaches about 400 milligrams per deciliter the
  brains ability to control breathing can be
  interrupted.
• The result could be death.

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Alcohol and Society

• Activity 2 Independent work
• Why it is difficult for most people who have a
  drinking problem to admit they have a problem?
• What are the differences between problem drinking
  being the cause and problem drinking being the
  symptom of other problems?

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Alcoholism

• ALCOHOLISM A physical and psychological
  dependence on the drug ethanol is a disease.
• Although it is true that there are alcoholics
  that are falling down drunk and, hence, easily
  recognized, a great many alcoholics appear clean,
  orderly, and well groomed.
• One thing is certain they all need help!

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Traits of the Alcoholic

• Alcoholics are unable to stop drinking despite
  the toll it takes on their health and their
  lives.
• People with alcoholism may exhibit one or
  a combination of these behaviors or traits
• They are preoccupied in one way or another
  with alcohol.
• Once they pick up the first drink, they cannot
  promise or predict what they will say or do or
  how much they will drink.
• They cannot manage tension without drinking.
• They may have personality changes or memory
  lapses due to drinking.

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Stages of Alcoholism

• STAGE ONE
• Begins with social drinking often to relax or to
  relieve stress.
• Gradually it becomes necessary to drink to
  manage stress.
• Physically
• Psychological
• An individual drinks to become intoxicated and
  doesn't remember with whom they are
  drinking with, what they did or what they
  said.
• The drinker makes excuses and tries to
  rationalize his/her drinking behavior.

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Stages of Alcoholism

• STAGE TWO
• Person reaches a point where they can't stop
  drinking.
• Physical and mental problems evident.
• Defensive behavior is evident.
• Drinker denies or tries to hide problem.
• Body has developed a tolerance and more alcohol
  is necessary.
• Drinking becomes the central event in person's
  life.
• Performance on job, at school, or at home
  decreases.  
• Frequent absences from work and school occur.

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Stages of Alcoholism

• STAGE THREE
• Drinking is extremely visible.
• Cannot be denied.
• Uncontrolled
• Alcohol becomes constant companion.
• Malnutrition becomes a problem.
• Body is addicted to the drug.
• If alcoholic stopped drinking he/she would
  experience withdrawal and symptoms
• DELIRIUM TREMENS (DTs) The dramatic
  physical and psychological effects of alcohol
  withdrawal.

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Costs to the Family

• Estimated 3 million teen alcoholics
• Up to 5 million young people in this country are
  considered to be alcoholics or problem drinkers
• Major factors in the four leading causes of
  accidental death
• Car crashes
• Falls
• Drowning
• Burns caused by fire
• Factors in 20 to 30 of all suicides
• Play a major part in
• Domestic violence
• Spousal abuse
• Child abuse
• Abuse of the elderly
• Marital separation and divorce

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Costs to Society

• Alcohol is a major factor in the three leading
  causes of death for 16 to 24 year-olds
• Traffic crashes
• Homicides
• Suicides
• In all, alcohol claims about 100,000 Americans a
  year
• Off the highway, alcohol contributes to about 6
  million nonfatal and 15,000 fatal injuries per
  year.
• In the workplace, up to 40 of industrial
  fatalities and 47 of industrial injuries can be
  linked to alcohol.

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Choosing to Be Alcohol-Free

• Despite the rise in teen drinking, many teens are
  deciding to remain or become alcohol-free.
• The most common reason given for not drinking is
  I do not need it.
• Some teens who choose not to drink seem to be
  saying, I dont have to drink to be popular, or
  I dont need to drink to be accepted, to have
  fun, or to act in some way that I usually
  wouldnt.

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Saying NO to Alcohol

• Saying no to drinking takes a firm mental
  commitment from you before you go to a party or
  other social situation where alcohol may be
  served.
• Practice what you are going to say in such a
  situation can help.
• Whatever you do to turn down a drink, keep it
  brief, polite, confident, and to the point.
• Sometimes humor or the unexpected, creative
  comment can do the trick.

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Alcohol and Sexual Activity

• Alcohol affects a persons judgment and may
  interfere with self-control over ones emotions,
  decisions, and behavior.
• It may cause a person to do or say things he or
  she otherwise would not normally do, including
  engaging in sexual activity.
• WHAT ELSE CAN OCCUR?

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Chapter 25 Lesson 3Review

1. Define the terms binge drinking and alcohol
   poisoning, and use them in a single paragraph.
2. Describe the three stages of alcoholism.
3. List three of the costs of alcoholism to society
   at large.
4. Identify four reasons why young people choose not
   to drink.