Sex Ed/Human Reproduction

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Sex Ed/Human Reproduction

• Have a seat
• Leave the front row open

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Understanding Adolescence Human Reproduction
Part One
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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

• body system made up of many glands that produce
  hormones.
• 1. Gland group of cells that produce
  and secrete chemicals
• 2. Hormones chemical messengers
  that transfer info.

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CONT.)

• A. Hypothalamus
• - lower, central part of the brain
• - stimulates/suppresses hormone
  secretions from the pituitary
• B. Pituitary Gland The Master Gland
• - located at the base of the brain
• - produces growth hormones
• - stimulates the growth of all cells -
  produces hormones that stimulate the
  reproductive organs

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ENDOCRINE SYSTEM (CONT.)

• C. Reproductive Glands The Sex Glands
• -In the Female the ovaries produce the
  hormone estrogen
• -In the Male the testes (testicles)
  produce the hormone testosterone

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Understanding Adolescence
Part Two

• PUBERTY - Sexual maturity brought on by
  production of hormones in the glands.
• A. Testosterone (Male) - hormone responsible
  for developing a boy to a man
• B. Estrogen (Female) - hormone responsible for
  developing a girl to a woman

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C. Secondary Sex Characteristics
Male (10 to 15) Body hair
(face, armpits, legs, genitals)
Oil glands Increased
appetite Broader shoulders Voice
lowers Able to father a child
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C. Secondary Sex Characteristics (cont.)

• Female (8 to 13)
• Body hair (armpits, legs, genitals)
• Oil glands
• Increased appetite
• Wider hips for child birth
• Begin menstruation (able to mother a child)

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III. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• A. FUNCTIONS
• 1. Production of hormones
• 2. Production of sex cells
• a. Males sex cells are SPERM
• b. Females sex cells are EGGS or OVUM
• 3. Produce new people

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REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
B. FERTILIZATION Union of sperm and an egg C.
CONCEPTION The moment fertilization takes place
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• ANATOMY
• A. Vulva external part of the female
  reproductive organs that covers the vagina
• B. Labia- two folds of skin that surround the
  vagina
• C. Clitoris small organ of sensitivity
• D. Urethra tube through which urine exits the
  body
• E. Bladder - holding tank for urine
• F. Hymen - a thin tissue that partially covers
  the opening of the vagina.

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• G. Vagina elastic muscular canal that extends
  from the outside of the body to the cervix
• H. Cervix - lower narrow opening of the uterus
• I. Uterus - connected to the vagina at the
  bottom and the fallopian tubes at the top
• - shaped like an upside-down pear with
• thick, muscular wall where the baby
  grows and develops

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• J. Fallopian Tubes about 4 long and as
  wide as a piece of spaghetti (inside
  width of needle)
• fimbriae fringed area that wraps around the
  ovary although not completely attached
• K. Ovaries almond-shaped glands that
  produce, store, and release eggs.
• - produce hormones estrogen and
  progesterone
• FUNCTIONS
• To produce eggs (ova)
• To receive sperm for possible fertilization
• To protect and nourish the fertilized egg
• To give birth

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• OVULATION The release of eggs cells from the
  ovary
• Ovaries - contain hundreds of thousands of eggs
  at birth
• 2. Timing - once every 28 days an egg is released
  from the ovary

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• 3. Release of the ovum known as ovulation.
  This occur 14 days before the start of the next
  menstrual cycle
• Path of the ovum
• a. Drawn into the fallopian tubes soon
  after release
• b. Life span of the ovum 12 to 24 hours
• c. Unfertilized ovum if not met by sperm, it
  dies and is passed out during the menstrual flow

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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Fertilization union of sperm and egg 1. occurs
in the upper third of the fallopian tube 2. It
takes 2 to 7 days for the egg to travel down the
fallopian tube toward the uterus 3. Uterus
place where the fertilized egg grows and
develops 4. Endometrium inner lining of
uterus where the fertilized egg implants
itself
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FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• MENSTRUATION Uterus preparing to receive a
  fertilized egg
• Beginning of flow is day 1.
• 1st to 5th day is menstrual flow.
• 5th to 14th day lining repairs itself.
• Around the 14th day Ovulation.
• 16th to 28th day Lining of uterus thickens with
  blood.
• (Last day begins the breakdown to start the next
  cycle.)

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• I. PARTS
• a. Penis - external organ made up of spongy,
• erectile tissue.
• main part -- shaft
• top part -- glands or head
• B. Scrotum
• 1. loose pouch of skin that holds and
  protects the testes
• 2. regulates the temperature of sperm
• 3. six degrees lower than body temp. (92-93)
• C. Testes
• 1. male sex glands, oval in shape, about 2
  in. long
• 2. produce sperm and testosterone for the
  rest of lifetime
• 3. produce hundreds of millions of sperm a
  day

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• D. Epididymis long, coiled tube on top
  of/behind each testicle
• 1. storage place for the sperm
• 2. takes 4-6 weeks to travel the
  length of the epididymis
• 3. passageway to the vas deferens
• 4. if not ejaculated, sperm is
  reabsorbed in about four weeks

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• E. Vas Deferens - muscular tube that transfers
  sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicles
  and the urethra.
• Seminal Vesicles - secrete a fluid that
  nourishes the sperm and lubricates the urethra
• G. Prostate Gland - secretes a protective fluid
  that stimulates sperm movement
• Cowpers Gland secretes fluid that lubricates
  the urethra for passage of sperm
• The combination of these fluids combined w/ sperm
  makes up semen.
• I. Urethra- tube in which sperm and urine exit
  the body

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• II. REPRODUCTION PROCESS - The transfer of
  sperm to the female reproductive system
• A. Erection - spongy tissue of penis fills with
  blood
• causing it to become firm and erect
• B. Movement of sperm - start to move from the
• epididymis past glands to the urethra
• C. Semen - fluids from the three glands mix with
• sperm to make semen
• D. Ejaculation - the discharge of semen through
• the urethra at the peak of sexual
  excitement

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• CHARACTERISTICS OF SPERM
• A. Tadpole shaped with head, neck, and tail
• -head of sperm holds genetic info.
• -neck and tail provide movement for sperm
• B. about 200 - 400 million sperm in each
  ejaculation
• C. Average life span of sperm in the female is
• three to five days.

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MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

• Each sperm carries 23 chromosomes in the head
• E. Each sperm carries an enzyme bomb
• (acrosome) only one sperm will break
  through the egg for fertilization

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HIV/ AIDS

• DEFINITION a disease caused by a virus that
  destroys a persons immune system

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HIV/ AIDS

• Acquired passed from one person to another
• Immune defense system
• Deficiency not working
• Syndrome presence of disease

• H human
• I - immunodeficiency
• V- virus

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HIV/ AIDS

• SCOPE 60 million people are infected with HIV
• 40 million people have died of AIDS
• Majority of new infections are age group 15-25
• Leading cause of death in the U.S. for 25-44
• CAUSES HIV must enter the bloodstream

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HIV/ AIDS

• Transmission
• 1. Sexual contact exchange of blood, semen,
  vaginal fluids
• 2. Sharing needles injecting drugs, tattooing,
  ear piercing with contaminated needles
• 3. Mother to Child before birth, during the
  birth process or from breast feeding
• YOU CAN NOT GET HIV THROUGH CASUAL CONTACT!

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HIV/ AIDS Effects on the Immune System

• A. Normal immune system
• White blood cells fight infection
• T cells locate virus (messengers)
• B cells make antibodies
• Antibodies- fight infection and remain to prevent
  re-infection

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HIV/ AIDS Effects on the Immune System

• B. Immune system attacked by HIV
• 1. Same as normal immune system, but HIV gets
  inside the T cell and reproduces rapidly
• 2. B cells produce antibodies, but they cant
  attack the virus once it is in the T cell
• 3. HIV multiplies inside the T cell and the T
  cell explodes, releasing more viruses in
  bloodstream
• 4. Eventually, there are no T cells left to fight
  off the most common infections
• 5. Person dies of Opportunistic Infections such
  as
• -Pneumonia, meningitis, Kaposis sarcoma

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C. Symptoms of AIDS

• Extreme weakness/fatigue
• Rapid weight loss
• Fevers that last several weeks
• Night sweats
• Chronic diarrhea
• Swollen lymph glands
• Trouble remembering
• SYMPTOMS MAY NOT APPEAR FOR 10 YEARS AFTER
  INFECTION -- it varies from person to person

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HIV/ AIDS

• D. Testing
• 1. blood test to detect HIV antibodies
• 2. antibodies take from 3-6 months to appear
• E. Prevention
• 1. Sexual Abstinence avoiding sexual contact
• 2. Never share needles
• 3. Avoid alcohol and drugs that impair your
  ability to Make responsible decisions

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HIV/ AIDS

• F. Treatment
• 1. There is no cure for AIDS
• 2. Combinations of drugs to boost the immune
  system - popular drug is AZT
• G. Help
• NATIONAL AIDS HOTLINE [phone]-AIDS

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