CLASS 13

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CLASS 13
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Approach 3Beyond g
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Spearman says g underliesall intelligence

• But we all know someone who..
• Most people think and some researchers agree
  that
• Intelligence is more than g, as evaluated by
  standard tests

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Paradox ?

• Everyone believes that some people are more
  intelligent than others
• But everyone believes that they are above average
• Statisticians say impossible !

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Psychologists say no paradox

• Dunning solves the paradox
• Our personal definitions ensure that we are above
  average
• What other definitions have a legitimate basis?

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• Gardners multiple intelligences
• TRADITIONAL
• Logical-mathematical Linguistic
• Spatial Inter-personal (social)
• CONTROVERSIAL
• Intra-personal Musical
• Kinesthetic Naturalist
• Spiritual

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Gardners latest

• Replaced Spiritual intelligence with
• Existential intelligence
• Moral intelligence

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Here are some recent nomineesWhich type of
intelligence does each have?
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Albert Einstein

Logical-mathematical intelligence
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Oprah Winfrey
Interpersonal intelligence
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Gary Kasparov
Spatial intelligence
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Eminem Linguistic intelligence
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Sigmund Freud
Intra-personal Intelligence
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Sidney Crosby
Kinesthetic intelligence
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Mahatma Ghandi
Spiritual intelligence
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David Suzuki
Naturalist intelligence
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But where is creativity?Suggestions for other
intelligences?
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Critique of Gardners approach

• Mostly subjective opinion
• Many of the intelligences are too vague to be
  measured
• Without measures, no practical value yet
• Cynical view everyone needs to feel intelligent
  and Gardner just wants to make us all happy

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Empirical components
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• Spearman (1 g)
• Wechsler (2)
• Cattell (2)
• Thurstone (7)
• Guilford (120)

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Scholastic aptitude

• Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT)
• 3 subscales (math, reading, writing)
• Graduate Record Exam (GRE) -- 3
• LSAT, MCAT, GMAT (2-3 subscales)

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Thurstones 7 Primary Abilities

• Vocabulary
• Spatial
• Verbal fluency
• Perceptual scanning
• Problem solving
• Arithmetic
• Memory

F M F F M F
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Why sex differences?

• Nature Brain differences ?
• Nurture sex roles ?

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e.g. spatial ability
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Sex differences in GRE

• Verbal females
• Math males
• Analytic (being phased out) males
• Essay (new) females

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Sex differences in g

• No sex differences on Stanford-Binet
• Coincidence ?

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Summary

• Several empirical components are reliably
  distinguished
• Many conceptual intelligences not yet measured
• Traditional sex differences are diminishing but
  still evident

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Emotional Intelligence
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• Being good at perceiving, understanding, and
  expressing emotions
• More important than IQ?
• But how to measure?
• One approach is to test ability to judge emotions
  accurately.

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Q What emotion?
A Sadness, as judged by the person who made the
drawing
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Q what emotion?
A grief -as judged by consensus based on
context
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A Surprise -- based on instructions to pose.
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Q what emotion is aroused?
A inspiration as judged by emotion experts
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Q What emotion?
A the joy of using Play Station 3, as judged by
the manufacturer.
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Critique of EQ

• Difficult to evaluate emotion accuracy
• Self-reports are dubious
• Is emotional intelligence something else?