Welcome to class of

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Welcome to class of Principles of
Biochemistry Dr. Meera Kaur
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What is Biochemistry?

• A scientific discipline
• Explains life at the molecular level
• Explains biological forms and functions in
  chemical terms
• Forms basis for studying other fields like cell
  biology, genetics, medicine, nutrition,
  immunology etc.
• Closely relates to other discipline like
  chemistry, physics, mathematics

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Levels of organization in a living organism.
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What is biomolecule?

• What are living organism made of ?
• How are they made ?

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Biomolecules

• Living matters are made out of biomolecules
• Biomolecules are made of lighter elements
• They are mostly combined with covalent
  bonding
• Biomolecules are compounds of carbon
• Biomolecules have functional groups
• Most biomolecules are asymmetric

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Elements found in biological molecules
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What are the major biomolecules?

• Carbohydrates
• Protein
• Lipids
• Nucleic acds

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Form of life

• Prokaryotes (bacteria, archae)
• Unicellular
• No nucleus
• Lack internal membrane systems
• Incapable of carring complex reactions

• Eukaryotes (animal, fungi)
• Multicellular/ unicellular
• Contain nucleus
• Have membrane-bounded cellular units
• Capable to perform cpmplex biological reactions
  (photosyntesis, aerobic metabolism etc.)

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Representations of alanine
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Representations of alanine
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Structure of human endothelin
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Illustration of entropy
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How does evolution work?
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Laboratory synthesis of biological molecules
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Cyanobacteria
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Prokaryotic cells
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A eukaryotic cell
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Evolutionary tree based on nucleotide sequences
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Possible origin of eukaryotic cells