Levels%20of%20Biological%20Organization

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Levels of Biological Organization
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Levels of Organization

• 1. Atoms
• C, H, O, N, P, S etc.

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Levels of Organization

• 2. Chemical Building Blocks
• Amino Acids, Nucleotides, monosaccharides, fatty
  acids

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Levels of Organization

• 3. Macromolecules
• DNA, Proteins etc.

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Levels of Organization

• 4. Organelles
• Mitochondrion, etc
• 0.0000001 m

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Levels of Organization

• 5. Cells
• Heart muscle cells

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Levels of Organization

• 6. Tissue
• Cardiac Muscle

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Levels of Organization

• 7. Organ
• Heart

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Levels of Organization

• 8. Organ System
• Circulatory System

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Levels of Organization

• 9. Individual

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Levels of Organization

• 10. Population

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Cell Scale!

• http//learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/begin/cells
  /scale/

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ALL ABOUT CELLS
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• It has been estimated that there are 10 times
  more cells in the human body than stars in the
  Milky Way.

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• "I'm sorry, Mr. Johnson, but my stem cell
  research funding has been cut. I'm afraid
  you'll never walk again."

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Cell Theory

• All living things are composed of cells.
• Cells are the basic units of living organisms
• All cells come from pre-existing cells.

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Cell Theory

• The Human body is estimated to have 100 trillion
  cells.
• Different cells are specialized to perform
  various tasks.
• Examples
• Nerve Cells transmit electrochemical
  messages.
• Muscle Cells contract.
• All cells
• Digest nutrients
• Excrete wastes
• Synthesize needed chemicals
• Reproduce

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All cells are either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
(p. 41)
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Prokaryotic Cells

• No internal compartments
• No organelles
• All prokaryotes are
• 1-celled organisms
• Eg. bacteria

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Prokaryotic Cells

• Quite small (compared to eukaryotes)
• DNA located in nucleoid region
• May not need O2

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Eukaryotic Cells

• Have internal compartments
• Have organelles
• 1-celled or multi-celled organisms
• Eg. A plant cell

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Eukaryotic Cells

• Larger cells
• DNA located in the nucleus
• Usually need O2

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