Unit 3 Review

1
Unit 3 Review

• Terms and Applications

2
General Terms

• Nature vs. Nurturethe debate in psychology over
  the relative roles of genetics and environment in
  producing psychological outcomes
• Quid pro quothis for that an action performed
  in expectation of a return action
• Ostentation/Ostentatiousthe gaudy, excessive
  showing off of wealth

3
Terminology of Literary Criticism

• Realisma literary movement in which writers
  represented ordinary people in extraordinary, but
  real situations, rejecting the fantastic, heroic,
  mythic, etc. Began in the 19th century
• Modernismliterary movement from the 1880s WWII
  which introduced radical experimentation in
  literary technique, including fragmentation of
  perspective, discontinuity of narrative,
  disruption of syntax, and themes of alienation
  and spiritual emptiness

4
Terminology of Literary Criticism

• In medias resstarting a story in the middle of
  things in order to draw in readers
• Flashbackinterruption in the chronological order
  of the story by a scene or image from the past
• Back Storyhistory of a character, often not
  shown or related, perhaps hinted at
• Foreshadowingauthorial hints or suggestions
  about future events in the story
• Flash ForwardInterruption in the chronological
  order of the story by a scene or image from the
  future

5
Terminology of Philosophy

• Platonic IdealismPlatos belief that the reality
  we can sense is only a poor reflection of an
  ideal that exists on a higher plane
• Free Willthe ability to choose your actions and
  ultimately your fate for yourself
• Determinismdenies free will and sees humans as
  animalistic, controlled more by biologic drives
  than logic and thoughtif we cant see the soul,
  then it must not exist.
• Motifa repeated thematic element throughout a
  story or other work of art
• Personaa mask or personality a character (or
  real person) adopts in preference to or to cover
  up his/her real self

6
Composition

• Critical Lens Introduction Structure
• Interpret the lens
• Agree or disagree
• Connect to both pieces of literature
• Body Paragraph Structure
• Topic sentence that connects the lens to a
  specific piece of literature
• Specific details from the literature supporting
  the topic sentence
• Transition or clincher sentence that connects
  points to one another through the critical lens

7
Composition

• Diction
• Vocabularyuse of terms we have learned
• Mechanicsgrammar, spelling, punctuation
• Essay Structureespecially topic and transition
  sentences
• Use of Specific Detailsprecise and accurate
• Sentence Structuresyntax, complex vs. simple
  sentences
• Formalityavoiding slang terms and phrases

8
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• Try to figure out which of the terms above best
  represent the following
• Ethan Frome
• The Nicks details about Gatsby and Dan Cody
• As I was hanging by a branch from the cliff, my
  life passed before my eyes . . .
• James Gatzs view of himself
• Using stream of consciousness as a narrative
  technique

9
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• The plot in The Crucible turns on the question of
  whether or not it is right to lie to save your
  life
• Ned and Ruth almost hitting the big elm
• Showing off your huge engagement ring
• Are identical twins alike in every way? What is
  they are separated at birth and grow up in
  different families?
• Writing a story about a farmer who struggles with
  a poor crop due to a drought.
• Writing a story about a farmer who struggles with
  a poor crop using discontinuity of narrative

10
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• Ethan Frome reflects the lack of economic freedom
  the poor face in American society
• The frequent references to driving and car
  accidents in The Great Gatsby
• Our decisions are only biological imperatives
• Nicks reverie about the first time Gatsby kissed
  Daisy
• Nicks sense of alienation from the world at the
  end of The Great Gatsby is a characteristic of
  this

11
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• Contribute to my campaign and Ill steer business
  to your company
• Fuzzy picture only seen clearly on a U2 (jet that
  flies at extreme altitude)
• Here we are starting the story in the middle
• Gatz could never truly be Gatsby because of his
  poverty-stricken youth and lack of experience in
  upper class society
• You can do whatever you choose

12
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• Why did Fitzgerald tell the story out of order?
• Who killed Gatsby?
• Why did Tom tell Wilson about Gatsby?
• Did Fitzgerald effectively illustrate the upper
  class moral failures of the 1920s?
• Someone isnt listening right nowyears later he
  curses as he lays dying because he hadnt
  understood that his inattentiveness would cause
  poor reading skills and lead to his using his
  radio in the bathtubhe thought the directions
  said he could

13
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• The Hollow Men (fragment)
• Here we go round the prickly pear
• Prickly pear prickly pear
• Here we go round the prickly pear
• At five o'clock in the morning.
• Between the idea
• And the reality
• Between the motion
• And the act
• Falls the Shadow
• For Thine is the Kingdom
• Between the conception
• And the creation
• Between the emotion
• And the response
• Falls the Shadow
• Life is very long

• Between the desire
• And the spasm
• Between the potency
• And the existence
• Between the essence
• And the descent
• Falls the Shadow
• For Thine is the Kingdom
• For Thine is
• Life is
• For Thine is the
• This is the way the world ends
• This is the way the world ends
• This is the way the world ends
• Not with a bang but a whimper.
• - T.S. Eliot

14
How do you get to Carnegie Hall?

• We Wear the Mask
•     WE wear the mask that grins and lies,
• It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,
• This debt we pay to human guile
• With torn and bleeding hearts we smile,
• And mouth with myriad subtleties.
•     Why should the world be over-wise,
• In counting all our tears and sighs?
• Nay, let them only see us, while          We
  wear the mask.

•   We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries
• To thee from tortured souls arise.
• We sing, but oh the clay is vile
• Beneath our feet, and long the mile
• But let the world dream otherwise,        
   We wear the mask!
• Paul Laurence Dunbar

15
Ethan Frome

• What is Starkfield like, according to the
  narrator?
• How does Ethan Frome act in the opening frame
  section?
• What is the state of Ethan and Zeenas marriage
  as the past section begins?
• What is Zeenas illness?
• What attracts Ethan to Mattie?
• What are Ethans plans for his night alone with
  Mattie?

16
Ethan Frome

• What happens during their night alone?
• What news does Zeena bring back from Bettsbridge?
• Why cant Ethan run away with Mattie?
• Where will Mattie most likely go?
• What is the first and only time Ethan stands up
  to Zeena?
• What do Ethan and Mattie talk about on their ride
  to the train station?

17
Ethan Frome

• Why do they decide to take the final sled ride?
• What does the narrator find at Ethans house?
• What is Ruth Hales judgment of life at the
  Fromes?
• Explain the symbolism of the pickle dish.
• Explain the simile of the butterfly in winter.
• In what ways could Ethan be considered a tragic
  hero?

18
The Great Gatsby

• What is Nicks mood at the beginning of the
  novel?
• What is his contradictory opinion of Gatsby?
• Why has Nick moved to West Egg?
• What is Nicks salient characteristic at the
  beginning of the novel?
• How does he know Tom and Daisy?
• Explain Myrtle.
• What are some of the rumors about Gatsby?

19
The Great Gatsby

• How does Gatsby find out Nick knows Daisy?
• What do we know for sure about Gatsbys past?
• Why does Nick like Jordan?
• What are some of the signs that Gatsby is not who
  he says he is?
• What is Gatsbys first reunion with Daisy like?
• What does Gatsby want Daisy to do?
• What happens at the hotel?

20
The Great Gatsby

• Why did Gatsby fail?
• What are the circumstances of the car accident?
• What does Tom do for revenge?
• Why does Nick dump Jordan?
• Describe Gatsbys funeral?
• What the heck does the ending mean?
• What characteristics of Realism can we find in
  this book.