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Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad

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Title: Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad


1
Wilsonian Progressivism at Home and Abroad
  • 1912-1916

2
Woodrow Wilson Emerges as a Leader
  • Once mildly conservative, now militantly
    progressive
  • Professor from Princeton
  • Elected governor of New Jersey in 1910

3
The Campaign of 1912
  • Woodrow Wilson
  • Democrat
  • Help from Bryan
  • New Freedom
  • William Howard Taft
  • Republican incumbent
  • Theodore Roosevelt
  • Progressive Bull Moose party
  • New Nationalism
  • We stand at Armageddon, and we battle for the
    Lord!
  • Called Taft a fathead with the brain of a
    guinea pig

4
Roosevelts New Nationalism vs. Wilsons New
Freedom
  • Consolidation of trusts and labor unions
  • womens suffrage
  • social welfare
  • Minimum wage laws
  • Social insurance
  • Precursor to the New Deal
  • small enterprise
  • Entrepreneurship
  • Free functioning of unregulated and unmonopolized
    markets
  • Competition was key
  • Enforcement of antitrust laws

5
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6
Election of 1912Electoral and Popular Vote
Results
Candidate Party Electoral Votes States Carried Popular Vote Percentage
Woodrow Wilson Democrat 435 40 6,296,284 41.8
Theodore Roosevelt Progressive 88 6 4,122,721 27.4
William Howard Taft Republican 8 2 3,486,242 23.2
Eugene Debs Socialist 0 0 901,551 6
7
Wilson The Idealist
  • 2nd Democratic president since 1861
  • Born in Virginia
  • A Jeffersonian Democrat
  • Mass democracy, as long as they were informed
  • Great speaker and believed in strong leadership
  • Intelligent, but sometimes looked down upon those
    who were less so
  • didnt relate well to the public
  • Idealism and sense of moral righteousness made
    him incredibly stubborn in negotiating.
  •  

8
Wilson Tackles the Tariff
  • Attacked "the triple wall of privilege"  the
    tariff, the banks, and the trusts
  • helped pass the Underwood Tariff Bill (reduced
    tariffs) 
  • 16th Amendment graduated income tax

9
Wilson Battles the Bankers
  • Problem Banking reserves were located in New
    York and a handful of other large cities and
    could not be mobilized in times of financial
    stress into areas that needed money.
  • Federal Reserve Act
  • Federal Reserve Board appointed by the president
  • oversaw a nationwide system of 12 regional
    Federal Reserve banks 
  • issued paper money (Federal Reserve Notes)
  • money in circulation could be increased as needed
    for the requirements of business

10
The President Tames the Trusts
  • Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914
  • oversees industries engaged in interstate
    commerce 
  • eliminate monopolies
  • Clayton Anti-Trust Act of 1914
  • strengthened Sherman Antitrust Act
  • exempted labor and agricultural organizations
    from anti-trust prosecution
  • legalized strikes and peaceful picketing

11
Wilsonian Progressivism at High Tide
  • Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 made loans
    available to farmers at low rates of interest
  • Workingmen's Compensation Act of 1916 gave
    assistance to federal civil-service employees
    during periods of disability 
  • child labor restricted on products shipped
    between states
  • Wilson nominated for the Supreme Court reformer
    Louis D. Brandeis, the first Jew to be a Supreme
    Court justice.

12
New Directions in Foreign Policy
  • Anti-imperialist
  • Jones Act (1916) granted the Philippines
    territorial status and promised independence as
    soon as a stable government could be established
  • Haiti (1915) sent Marines to protect American
    lives and property
  • 1916 signed a treaty with Haiti providing for
    U.S. supervision of finances and the police.
  • 1917 purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark

13
Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico
  • Mexican revolution (1913) The president was
    murdered and replaced by General Victoriano
    Huerta.  Because of the chaos in Mexico, millions
    of Spanish-speaking immigrants came to America.
  • President Wilson initially refused to intervene.
    But after a small party of American sailors was
    accidentally captured by the Mexicans, Wilson
    ordered the navy to seize the Mexican port of
    Vera Cruz.
  • Argentina, Brazil, and Chile intervened and
    pressured Huerta to step down.
  • Venustiano Carranza became the president of
    Mexico. 
  • Francisco Villa, rival to President Carranza,
    attempted to provoke a war between Mexico and the
    U.S by killing Americans. 
  • Wilson ordered General John J. Pershing to break
    up Villa's influence. 
  • The invading American army was withdrawn from
    Mexico in 1917 as the threat of war with Germany
    loomed.

14
World War I Breaks Out
  • Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey,
    and Bulgaria
  • Allies consisted of France, Britain, Russia,
    Japan, and Italy.
  • Wilson issued a neutrality proclamation

15
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16
The United States Earned Blood Money
  • American industry prospered off trade with the
    Allies
  • Germany and the Central Powers protested American
    trading with the Allies
  • Germany was free to trade with the U.S., but
    Britain prevented this trade by controlling the
    Atlantic Ocean.
  • Unrestricted submarine warfare began

17
Wilson Wins the Reelection in 1916
  • Progressives nominated Theodore Roosevelt, but
    he refused to run.
  • Republicans Supreme Court justice Charles Evans
    Hughes
  • condemned the Democratic tariff, assaults on the
    trusts, and Wilson's dealings with Mexico and
    Germany
  • Democrats Woodrow Wilson
  • anti-war campaign 
  • He kept us out of war.
  • Wilson re-elected

18
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