Aim: How were the original 13 colonies organized?

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Aim How were the original 13 colonies organized?
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The English Colonies

• Do Now- Give at least 3 reasons people would come
  over to the English colonies as colonists
• Who came over as colonists?
• Religious dissidents
• Lower classes
• Indentured servants
• Minor nobles who tried to get richer
• Original failed settlements
• Newfoundland
• Roanoke Island

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Types of Colonies

• Royal
• Direct control by king
• Proprietary
• One guy, runs the show directly from the colony
• Charter
• King grants charter for self rule
• Penal
• Prisoners are the colonists under control of
  proprietor

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Virginia

• Virginia Charter (1606)
• King granted land to Virginia Company of London
• Set up as joint stock company
• Gave the settlers rights as English citizens
• Jamestown 1607
• 120 men/ no women
• Traders only- no farmers/ no ministers
• So what is their purpose or goal?
• Original goal was to collect gold/ Indian goods
  exotic crops
• Not intended to be long term!!
• After 9 months, only 38 left alive Why?
• Malaria/ natives
• Cared more about finding gold then getting
  food!!!!
• gentlemen

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Smith and Smoke to the rescue

• Capt. John Smith organized the settlers in
  gathering food/ setting up housing
• Cruel punishments/ prevented men from going
  native
• John Rolfe/ Pocahontas
• Marriage created some peace
• Rolfe brings tobacco to Virginia- King Nicotine
• Positives of tobacco
• Saved the colonies
• Huge cash crop
• Novelty in Europe
• Negatives of tobacco
• Reliance on one cash crop- slave to the market
• Slaves to the market!!
• Really bad on soil
• Increased tensions with natives as they pursued
  new land to cultivate

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Virginia

• Goal of the colony..
• House of Burgesses
• 1619
• Colonial assembly
• Sets future precedent
• 1624- King hates tobacco, annoyed at Virginia,
  revokes Charter and makes it a royal colony

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Maryland

• Lord Baltimore (Cecil Calvert)- Proprietor
• Catholic haven
• Maryland Act of Toleration- 1649
• Freedom for all that believed in the Trinity..
  But!!!!!
• Deny divinity of Jesus death!
• Repealed in 1692
• Tobacco colony
• Chesapeake Bay area
• Goal?
• and tolerance

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South Carolina

• Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
• Set up a manor system with 8 Lord Proprietors
• Wine/silk/ olive oil/ eventually rice
• Populated by runaways from Virginia/ religious
  dissidents/slaves from West Indies- diverse for
  the South
• Charleston

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North Carolina

• Separated from S. Carolina 1712
• Outpost community

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Georgia

• James Oglethorpe
• Penal colony Why in Georgia?
• Located between English colonies and Spanish
  Florida and French Louisiana
• Strong native tribes in region
• buffer for the good colonies

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Plymouth Colony (Mass.)

• Pilgrims forced to leave England
• Move to Holland, but some want to keep English
  traditions
• Separatists- wanted to break from Church of
  England
• 1620- 102 people go on Mayflower to New World
• Had charter (from Virginia Company, not king) to
  settle northern part of Virginia territory(NY
  Harbor/Staten Island!)
• Storm blew them off course, and they were running
  out of beer!!!,,,,Alternate plan develops!!!!
• Go above Virginia and NY (Dutch)
• No legal right to settle where they did
• No charter from king, they went just outside the
  boundaries of Virginia territory, and north of
  Dutch NY
• Miles Standish/ William Bradford
• Mayflower Compact
• Signed by 41 adult males (didnt have to be part
  of the Separatists to sign)

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Mayflower Compact

• "In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are
  underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread
  Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God,
  of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of
  the Faith, e. Having undertaken for the Glory of
  God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and
  the Honour of our King and Country, a voyage to
  plant the first colony in the northern parts of
  Virginia do by these presents, solemnly and
  mutually in the Presence of God and one of
  another, covenant and combine ourselves together
  into a civil Body Politick, for our better
  Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the
  Ends aforesaid And by Virtue hereof to enact,
  constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws,
  Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from
  time to time, as shall be thought most meet and
  convenient for the General good of the Colony
  unto which we promise all due submission and
  obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto
  subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of
  November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord,
  King James of England, France and Ireland, the
  eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth.
  Anno Domini, 1620."

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Importance of Mayflower Compact

• 1st US Constitution
• God and man/ man and man
• Equal democratic setup
• Unimportance???
• No legal enforceability outside of themselves

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Plymouth Society

• Bradford elected governor 30 times
• 2/3rds died the 1st year
• Goal??
• Be able to practice their religion
• Extremely intolerant of others!!!
• Separation of church and state
• Separatists- wanted to break from Church of
  England, not reform it
• Never grew too large, eventually merged with
  Mass. Bay Colony(1691)

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Massachusetts Bay

• 1628-Non-Separatist Puritans
• Still aligned with Church of England, just wanted
  to be more pure in its practice
• Charter from King
• John Winthrop
• Stable from beginning
• 1000 migrants, by 1630s- 20,000. Clear plan
• Boston became the hub
• Religion- Congregationalists (felt Anglican
  Church was too Catholic)
• City upon a hill
• "You are the light of the world. A city that is
  set on a hill cannot be hidden."
• Mass. Bay will be a beacon for mankind
• Example of Gods kingdom on earth
  exceptionalism
• or - ???????
• Calvinism- predestination
• visible saints

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Politics and Religion

• Where there is no law, (judges) shall rule as
  near the law of God as they can- church is the
  state!!!
• All freemen can vote- voting restricted to
  church members
• BUT!!!! They believed in some separation of
  church and state
• Ministers could not run for office
• If the people be governors, who shall be
  governed

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Mass. Bay

• Society
• Very close knit
• Uniform, no diversity
• Protestant work ethic
• Religion in every aspect of society
• Salem Witch Trials
• Expelled dissidents
• Williams/ Anne Hutchinson
• Antinomianism

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Rogues Island- R.I.

• Roger Williams- minister in Salem
• Roger the Tolerant???
• Believed in total separation of Church and State
• Didnt have to attend church
• No taxes for Church
• Allowed other religious groups.
• Colonists shouldnt seize native lands- charters
  were illegal and settlers must pay natives for
  land
• Only the pure can receive communion,,,
• by the end of his term as minister, he was the
  only one eligible
• Banished from colony in 1636
• 1644- he got full charter from king to set up
  separate colony of Rhode Island with full self
  rule
• Very tolerant society in Rhode Island
• Freedom of worship
• Providence

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Connecticut

• 1636-Thomas Hooker-Another dissenter of Mass. Bay
• 100 followers founded Hartford (Conn. River
  Valley
• 1639- Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• 1662- granted charter by King

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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• http//www.constitution.org/bcp/fo_1639.htm
• What is the main purpose of the document?
• Give 3 rights given to the people that are
  similar to todays government.
• Why is this an historic democratic document?
  (More than 1 reason)

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New Hampshire

• Mason(New Hampshire)/Gorges (Maine)
• Both never set foot in New World! Charter from
  king
• Started as a fishing colony
• Mass. Bay claimed it was illegal and on their
  territory- their land stretched all the way to
  Maine
• Mass. Granted N.H. self rule
• 1679 king separated the two and made it a royal
  colony
• Eventually N.H. becomes part of Dominion of New
  England

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Pennsylvania

• 1638-Originally settled as New Sweden
• Dutch took over 1655
• 1664- England defeated Dutch
• 1681- King James owed to William Penn
  (father), so he gave the family the territory
  (part of Delaware also)
• Son, William Penn founds colony (proprietary)
• Philadelphia- City of Brotherly Love

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Quaker Haven

• Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)
• Holy Experiment
• Charter of Liberties 1701- http//oll.libertyfund
  .org/index.php?Itemid264id1045optioncom_conte
  nttaskview
• By far the most democratic and nice religious
  founding colony!!!
• Best native relationship
• Very diverse/ allowed all monotheistic religions
• Separation of church/state/pacifists
• No defined church leaders
• Rejected Calvinism
• Unlimited immigration/ liberal freedoms for
  colonists and Philly harbor all leads to
  Pennsylvania quickly becoming one of the largest
  and riches colonies

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Delaware

• Part of Penn.
• Penn granted lower 3 counties self-rule,
  eventually became its own colony, although it had
  same governor as Penn. All the way up to Rev. War

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New York

• Englands American colonies split by Dutch
  control of NY, NJ, Del.
• 1664- conquered Dutch
• Allowed the Dutch living there freedom of
  religion and language

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New Jersey

• James II (Duke of York), felt NY was too big to
  govern and gave NJ to his 2 friends, Berkeley and
  Carteret
• 2 proprietorships, East and West Jersey
• Freedom of religion and assembly
• Disputes over land forced king to merge NJ into 1
  royal colony

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Charter of Liberties

• http//www.constitution.org/bcp/penncharpriv.htm