1. The epipelagic (photic) zone is found between ___.

1
1. The epipelagic (photic) zone is found between
___.

1. 0 and 200 meters
2. 200 and 1000 meters
3. 1000 and 4000 meters
4. 4000 meters and the bottom

2
1. The epipelagic zone is found between ___.

1. 0 and 200 meters
2. 200 and 1000 meters
3. 1000 and 4000 meters
4. 4000 meters and the bottom

3
2. Energy transfer from one level of a trophic
pyramid to another is about ___ .

• a. 10
• b. 20
• c. 50
• d. 90

4
2. Energy transfer from one level of a trophic
pyramid to another is about ___ .

• a. 10
• b. 20
• c. 50
• d. 90

5
3. What color light penetrates to the greatest
depths?

• A. violet
• B. red
• C. blue-green
• D. yellow

6
3. What color light penetrates to the greatest
depths?

• A. violet
• B. red
• C. blue-green
• D. yellow

7
4. Most of the surface area of the worlds oceans
is ___.

• A. characterized by upwelling
• B. full of plants and animals
• C. high in nutrients
• D. low in plants and animals

8
4. Most of the surface area of the worlds oceans
is ___.

• A. characterized by upwelling
• B. full of plants and animals
• C. high in nutrients
• D. low in plants and animals

9
5. The spring bloom is caused by ___.

• A. increased light
• B. high nutrient levels
• C. low mortality by zooplankton
• D. increasing temperature
• E. all of the above

10
5. The spring bloom is caused by ___.

• A. increased light
• B. high nutrient levels
• C. low mortality by zooplankton
• D. increasing temperature
• E. all of the above

11
3. Why does the strengthening of the thermocline
affect the spring bloom?

• A. it causes vertical stability in the water
  column
• B. it reduces the vertical influx of nutrients
  into the upper water column
• C. the surface waters become warmer
• D. all of the above

12
3. Why does the strengthening of the thermocline
affect the spring bloom?

• A. it causes vertical stability in the water
  column
• B. it reduces the vertical influx of nutrients
  into the upper water column
• C. the surface waters become warmer
• D. all of the above

13
4. Most zooplankton are ____.

• A. small animals that live in the water column
• B. animals that swim wherever they want to go
• C. animals that live in the upper 200 meters day
  and night
• D. animals that live mainly below 200 meters day
  and night

14
4. Most zooplankton are ____.

• A. small animals that live in the water column
• B. animals that swim wherever they want to go
• C. animals that live in the upper 200 meters day
  and night
• D. animals that live mainly below 200 meters day
  and night

15
5. Bioluminescence is used by deeper living
animals _____ .

• A. to distract predators
• B. all of these
• C. to lure prey
• D. to camouflage their bodies from predators
• E. to signal to other members of a school

16
5. Bioluminescence is used by deeper living
animals _____ .

• A. to distract predators
• B. all of these
• C. to lure prey
• D. to camouflage their bodies from predators
• E. to signal to other members of a school

17
1. Echolocation is something used by some marine
mammals to do what?

• a. detect ocean currents b. as an aid in
  feeding c. to allow satellite tracking of their
  migration patterns

18
1. Echolocation is something used by some marine
mammals to do what?

• a. detect ocean currents b. as an aid in
  feeding c. to allow satellite tracking of their
  migration patterns

19
2. In the open ocean, feeding aggregations of
predators can include all of the following except
.

• tuna
• b. dolphins
• c. seals
• d. whales
• e. none of these

20
2. In the open ocean, feeding aggregations of
predators can include all of the following except
.

• tuna
• b. dolphins
• c. seals
• d. whales
• e. none of these

21
3. Some bathypelagic fishes have adapted to their
environment by _____ .

• a. having thick, pressure-resistant skin
• b. being transparent
• c. being able to swallow large prey
• d. being neutrally buoyant
• e. all of these

22
3. Some bathypelagic fishes have adapted to their
environment by _____ .

• a. having thick, pressure-resistant skin
• b. being transparent
• c. being able to swallow large prey
• d. being neutrally buoyant
• e. all of these

23

• 5. There are about as many fish per cubic
• meter at 3000 meters as there are in the
• upper 100 meters of the oceanic zone.
• TRUE
• FALSE

24

• 5. There are about as many fish per cubic
• meter at 3000 meters as there are in the
• upper 100 meters of the oceanic zone.
• TRUE
• FALSE

25
1. If you were a bathypelagic fish and used
bioluminescent "headlights" to find prey, what
color of light would be most effective at close
range? a. blue-green b. yellow c. violet d. re
d
26
1. If you were a bathypelagic fish and used
bioluminescent "headlights" to find prey, what
color of light would be most effective at close
range? a. blue-green b. yellow c. violet d. re
d
27
2. Barnacles show which type of living
strategy? a. attached b. free
living c. burrowing
28
2. Barnacles show which type of living
strategy? a. attached b. free
living c. burrowing
29
3. The most common substrate in a high wave
energy environment is . a. sand b. rock
c. mud d. clay
30
3. The most common substrate in a high wave
energy environment is . a. sand b. rock
c. mud d. clay
31
4. In most of the benthic environment, organisms
___ . . a. live with lots of light b. live
with limited amounts of light c. live in
complete darkness
32
4. In most of the benthic environment, organisms
___ . . a. live with lots of light b. live
with limited amounts of light c. live in
complete darkness
33
5. Which of these statements is NOT
true? a. Most of the deep-sea floor consists of
soft sediments b. Most deep-sea benthic
organisms are deposit feeders c. Kelp plants
grow attached to exposed lava along mid-ocean
spreading centers d. Sea urchings and brittle
stars are very common deep-sea benthic organisms
34
5. Which of these statements is NOT
true? a. Most of the deep-sea floor consists of
soft sediments b. Most deep-sea benthic
organisms are deposit feeders c. Kelp plants
grow attached to exposed lava along mid-ocean
spreading centers d. Sea urchings and brittle
stars are very common deep-sea benthic organisms
35
1. Primary producers in hydrothermal vent
communities are ______. a. zooxanthellae b. alga
e c. sulfur-oxidizing bacteria d. eyeless
shrimp
36
1. Primary producers in hydrothermal vent
communities are ______. a. zooxanthellae b. alga
e c. sulfur-oxidizing bacteria d. eyeless
shrimp
37
2. Vent communities similar to hydrothermal
vent communities are found in what type of
setting? a. intertidal mudflats b. estuaries c.
abyssal plains d. trenches e. oil and gas
seeps
38
2. Vent communities similar to hydrothermal
vent communities are found in what type of
setting? a. intertidal mudflats b. estuaries c.
abyssal plains d. trenches e. oil and gas
seeps
39
3. The group of fish species that contribute the
most to the annual catch are _____. a. tunas,
bonitos, billfishes b. molluscs - squid,
octopods, mussels, clams, scallops c. cods,
hakes, haddocks d. herring, sardines, anchovies
40
3. The group of fish species that contribute the
most to the annual catch are _____. a. tunas,
bonitos, billfishes b. molluscs - squid,
octopods, mussels, clams, scallops c. cods,
hakes, haddocks d. herring, sardines, anchovies
41

• By-catch in marine fisheries is ?
• a. the inedible portion of the catch
• b. species caught incidentally with a targeted
  species
• c. all of these
• d. mostly dead non-targeted individuals that are
• thrown back
• e. none of these

42

• By-catch in marine fisheries is ?
• a. the inedible portion of the catch
• b. species caught incidentally with a targeted
  species
• c. all of these
• d. mostly dead non-targeted individuals that are
• thrown back
• e. none of these

43

• 5. Which of these statements is NOT true?
• a. Vent communities are not photosynthetically
• based
• Most deep-sea (gt1,000 m) bottom fishes
• are scavengers
• c. Most pelagic fish stocks are under
  unprecedented
• stress due to overfishing
• d. Habitat destruction is not a serious problem
• in bottom trawling fisheries

44

• 5. Which of these statements is NOT true?
• a. Vent communities are not photosynthetically
• based
• Most deep-sea (gt1,000 m) bottom fishes
• are scavengers
• c. Most pelagic fish stocks are under
  unprecedented
• stress due to overfishing
• d. Habitat destruction is not a serious problem
• in bottom trawling fisheries