Ecosystems and Communities

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Ecosystems and Communities
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March 22, 2011

• Turn in your cycles of matter hw!!
• Warm Up How is the flow of energy different from
  the flow of matter?
• Anticipation Guide!

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Competition

• Occurs when organisms of the same or different
  species attempt to use an ecological resource in
  the same place at the same time.
• Resources-any necessity of life

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Competitive Exclusion Principle

• No two species can occupy the same niche in the
  same habitat at the same time.

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Predation

• Interaction in which one organism captures and
  feeds on another organism.
• Predator vs. Prey
• Give me some examples!

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Predation
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Symbiosis

• Any relationship in which two species live
  closely together.
• Types of Symbiotic Relationships
• Mutualism-both benefit, ? ?
• Ex. Flowers and insects
• Commensalism-one member benefits, other neither
  helped nor harmed, ? -
• Ex. Barnacles and whale
• Parasitism-one helped, one harmed, ? ?
• Ex. Tapeworms and mammals

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Mutualism ? ?
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Commensalism ? -
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Parasitism ? ?
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Ecological Relationships

• After a student reads the scenario, hold up
  which card you think BEST APPLIES.
• Commensalism
• Mutualism
• Parasitism
• Predation

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Symbiotic Relationships

• Complete the manipulative set with your partner.
  Call me to check on it!
• Anticipation Guide recap!
• When finished, start the handout. Finish for
  hw!!!
• Circle the correct relationship (a, b or c)
• Write which type of symbiosis that relationship
  is.

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March 23, 2011

• Bring book tomorrow and Friday!!!
• Quiz on Friday Chapters 3 and 4 No notes!
• Warm Up
• What is symbiosis?
• What are the three symbiotic relationships?
• Review Cycles/Anticipation Guide/Exit Ticket
• Create a symbiotic bat!
• Definition
• Example
• Picture of what it is

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March 24, 2011

• Bring Book Again Tomorrow!
• Symbiosis PP Review with homework!
• Symbiosis Worksheet PART I ONLY!!!!

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Biotic vs. Abiotic Factors

• Together determine survival and growth of an
  organism and productivity of the ecosystem.
• Biotic Factors
• Abiotic Factors
• Niche

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A. biotic factors- the biological
influences on organisms within an
ecosystem -living things! B. abiotic
factors-physical or nonliving factors that
shape an ecosystem -nonliving things! C.
niche-the full range of physical and biological
conditions in which and organism lives and how
it uses them
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NICHE describes the job of the organism within
the ecosystem it is the full range of physical
and biological conditions it lives in and out it
uses those conditions!
Here is a picture of a worm and its nichehow can
we describe a worms niche? Describe your
niche!!
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Biotic Factor Abiotic Factor
Definition 3 Examples
Definition 3 Examples
How is a niche different than a habitat????
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The Role of Climate

• Are all species able to tolerant all
  environmental conditions?
• Temperature, precipitation and other
  environmental factors in the atmosphere combine
  to produce climate and weather.

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Weather vs. Climate

• Weather-day to day
• Climate-year to year
• Climate is caused by many factors.
• The energy of incoming sunlight drives Earths
  weather and in turn determines climate.

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The Greenhouse Effect

• Atmospheric gases trap heat energy and maintain
  Earths temperature range.
• Gases act like a glass window of a greenhouse.
• Heat is retained by layer of greenhouse gases
  creating effect.

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Greenhouse Effect

• Greenhouse gases allow solar energy to penetrate
  the atmosphere.
• Converted into heat energy as it hits the Earths
  surface and radiates back into the atmosphere.
• But, the gases do not allow the escape as easily
  as the entrance.
• In turn, heat is trapped in the atmosphere.

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Latitudes Effect on Climate

• Earth is tilted, so solar radiation strikes at
  different parts of Earths surface at angles that
  vary at different times of year.
• This causes three climate zones polar, temperate
  and tropical

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Winds and Ocean Currents

• The unequal heating of Earths surface drives
  wind and ocean currents transporting heat
  throughout the biosphere.
• The upward movement of warm air and downward
  movement of cool air create air currents or winds
  moving heat.
• The flow of water due to temperature as well as
  by winds causes ocean currents.
• Ocean currents also transport heat energy and in
  turn affect weather and climate.

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Ecological Succession

• Ecosystems constantly change due to natural and
  human disturbances.
• Series of unpredictable changes
• Primary succession succession that occurs on
  surfaces with no soil
• Ex. After a volcanic eruption
• Pioneer species
• Secondary succession soil is present
• Ex. Land cleared for farming is abandoned or
  after wildfires in woodlands

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Primary Succession No soil!
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Secondary Succession
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Aquatic Ecosystems

• Determined primarily by depth, flow, temperature,
  and chemistry of the overlying water.
• Marine saltwater/oceanic
• Limiting Nutrient nitrogen!
• Freshwater flowing (rivers) or standing (lakes,
  ponds)
• Limiting Nutrient phosphorus!

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Coral Reefs

• Named for coral animals with calcium carbonate
  skeletons

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Biomes

• Complex terrestrial communities that covers a
  large area
• Tolerance ability to survive and reproduce under
  conditions that differ from optimal ones
• Microclimate

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Tropical Rain Forest
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Tropical Dry Forest
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Tropical Savanna
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Tropical Savanna
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Deserts
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Temperate Grassland
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Temperate Woodland and Scrubland
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Temperate Forest
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Northwestern Coniferous Forest
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Boreal Forest
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Tundra