Possible%20Detection%20of%20Neutrinos%20from%20a%20Solar%20Flare

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Possible Detection of Neutrinos from a Solar Flare

• Jere Jenkins
• Ephraim Fischbach
• John Buncher
• Tom Gruenwald
• Tasneem Mohsinally
• Dennis Krause
• Josh Mattes
• John Newport

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A New Test of Randomness
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176
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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1
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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1
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Data from Yoo, et al., Phys Rev 68, 092002 (2003)
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Motivation for Purdue Experiments

• Correlation between BNL and PTB data
• Correlation of these data with 1/R2 Earth-Sun
  distance

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Sunspot 930 Source of Dec 06 Flares
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(7.511.07) x 105 Events missing
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32Si
Launch 8/3/2007
226Ra
Arrival 5/25/2008
Chen, Okutsu, and Longuski
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Chen, Okutsu, and Longuski
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226Ra
32Si
Chen, Okutsu, and Longuski
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Potential Missions for Experiment

• Monitor decay rate on Earth.
• Precisely measure variations in decay rates
  between periapsis and apoapsis.
• Stable orbit around stable Lagrange points.
• May have significant difference between apoapsis
  and periapsis.
• Mars Science Laboratory.
• Radioisotope power system for generation of
  electricity from the heat of radioactive decay.
• Jupiter Polar Orbiter (Juno).
• Map Jupiter's gravitational and magnetic fields.
• Europa Jupiter System Mission.
• Likely to have radioisotope thermoelectric
  generator (RTG) on board.
• Titan Saturn System Mission.
• Likely presence of RTG onboard.
• Europa Astrobiology Lander.
• Likely presence of RTG onboard.
• Solar Probe Plus
• Spacecraft designed to plunge deep into the sun's
  atmosphere
• Heliophysical Explorers Solar Orbiters and
  Sentinels.
• Multiple close approaches to the sun.

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NASAs Upcoming Missions

• Mars Science Laboratory
• Launch September 2009
• Can measure radiation produced by the
  interaction of space radiation with the Martian
  atmosphere and surface rocks and soils.
• Carries radioisotope power system to generate
  electricity from the heat of plutonium's
  radioactive decay.

• Juno
• Launch August 2011
• Will precisely map Jupiter's gravitational and
  magnetic fields to assess the distribution of
  mass in Jupiter's interior, including properties
  of the planet's structure and dynamics.

Chen, Okutsu, and Longuski
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Spatial Variation of the Fine Structure Constant ?

• For alpha decay (e.g., 226Ra ? 222Rn 4He)

From our 226Ra data,
This may be incompatible with existing WEP and
5th force constraints.
References D. J. Shaw, gr-qc/0702090 J.D.
Barrow and D. J. Shaw, arXiv08064317 J.-P.
Uzan, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 403 (2003)
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Possible Mechanism
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Beta decay formulae
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Beta decay Formulae
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Variation in Solar Neutrino Flux

• For ?-decay,
  where ? is extremely sensitive to
  small shifts in E0
• Assume E0 ? E0?, where ? arises from solar
  neutrinos, then
• Next, assume where
• For an unpolarized sample,

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Variation in Solar Neutrino Flux (contd)

1. Compare this to the change induced by

This may be compatible with current limits on
neutrino magnetic dipole moments.
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Summary

1. BNL and PTB data indicate an annual modulation of
   32Si and 226Ra decay rates strongly correlated
   with 1/R2
2. Data taken during the 12-Dec 2006 solar flare on
   54Mn also showed a response of the decay rate to
   solar flux.
3. These data are consistent with a modulation of
   nuclear decay rates by solar neutrinos and,
   perhaps, by some other field.
4. Detailed mechanisms to account for these data can
   be tested in upcoming NASA Mars missions and the
   NASA Sentinels mission.

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END
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176, And NASA,
http//omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176, And NASA,
http//omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/
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Earth-Sun Distance as a Function of Time
t time in seconds t0 January 5, Perihelion
each year
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Correlation Between Flare and Decay Data

• Undecayed the 54Mn data, and then normalized to
  the average. Each data point represents the
  subsequent 4 hour count (approximately 25 million
  events/4 hours live time)
• Plotted along with the x-ray data to show timing
  of the flare event

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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1 T1/2 1518 y
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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1
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Data from Alburger, et al., Earth and Planet.
Sci. Lett., 78, (1986) 168-176
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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1
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Data from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot.
49, 1397 (1998) Fig. 1
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New Data Set with HPGe Detector

• Began a new 54Mn measurement using a HPGe
  detector inside a heavy shield, starting Dec 2007
• Using same 4 hour live time counting

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Comparison of BNL Data to PTB Data

• Took averages of all measurements made during a
  calendar week for both data sets (similar to what
  was done by BNL group)
• Eliminated all data points that did not coincide
  (i.e. did not have associated measurement in the
  other set.)
• Performed standard correlation between the data
  sets.

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Start Stop Total events slope (a) sa T1/2 Significance
PHARM 0-39 10/19/06 1710 10/26/06 1618 1,125,533,997 -0.002057562 1.45E-05 336.878 -11.28
PHARM 40-79 10/26/06 2035 11/02/06 1833 1,107,115,186 -0.002137321 1.48E-05 324.307 -5.65
PHARM 80-119 11/02/06 2250 11/10/06 1604 1,087,799,523 -0.002684431 1.27E-05 258.210 36.59
PHARM 120-159 11/10/06 2020 11/17/06 1855 1,070,959,137 -0.002001981 1.49E-05 346.230 -14.69
PHARM 160-199 11/17/06 2311 11/24/06 2136 1,055,144,190 -0.002228968 1.5E-05 310.972 0.55
PHYS 167 0-39 12/2/06 1640 12/09/06 1447 1,013,691,320 -0.002403516 1.54E-05 288.389 11.89
PHYS 167 40-79 12/09/06 1902 12/16/06 1700 995,311,701 -0.002616834 1.55E-05 264.880 25.55
PHYS 167 80-119 12/16/06 2115 12/23/06 1905 978,797,865 -0.00222234 1.56E-05 311.890 0.10
PHYS 167 120-159 12/23/06 2320 12/30/06 2059 964,155,029 -0.002181871 1.58E-05 317.685 -2.46
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Un-decaying (flattening) Data Points

• For visual purposes, each data point is
  multiplied as
• which offsets the exponential decrease in the
  count rate, and highlights the effects of
  fluctuations. Note This does not change the
  statistical significance of the results.

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from Siegert, et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 49,
1397 (1998) Fig. 1 Authors explanation for the
apparent seasonal variations in the data from the
226Ra counts.
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