The Origin of Humans

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Early Humans
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The Stone Ages

• Paleolithic - Old Stone Age 2,500,000 B.C. to
  8,000 B.C.
• Neolithic New Stone Age 8,000 to 4,000 B.C.

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Time Periods

• Prehistory - before writing
• B.C. A.D. developed by a monk around A.D. 532
• B.C. Before Christ
• A.D. Anno Domini

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Paleolithic Age
1. 4,000,000 BC 1,000,000 BC
Paleolithic Age( Old Stone Age ) 2,500,000 BC
to 8,000 BC
2. 1,500,000 BC -- 250,000 BC
3. 250,000 BC 30,000 BC
4. 30,000 BC -- 8,000 BC
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Paleolithic Age

• The Ice Ages 100,000 to 8,000 B.C.
• Humans were able to adapt environment through use
  of fire
• Land bridges made possible the spread of humans
• Japan Korea
• Great Britain Europe
• Malay Peninsula to Australia
• Bering Strait

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Beringia
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Paleolithic Age

• Made tools
• Used lava rocks to cut meat crack bones
• Used spears to hunt fish with
• Hunting men and gathering women
• NOMADIC moving from place to place

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Differing Human Migration Theories
Are we all Africans under the skin????
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Paleolithic Age

• Humans found shelter in caves
• Cave paintings left behind

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Human Migration
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Neolithic Age

• The Neolithic Revolution dawn of systematic
  agriculture
• Neolithic New Stone Age
• Domesticated Animals dogs, goats, oxen, cattle,
  pigs, chickens
• Crops grains, bananas, yams, rice, wheat,
  barley
• Rise of villages Jericho Catal Huyuk (8,000
  B.C.)

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Neolithic Age

• Technological advances
• Agricultural sickle, pottery, plow, fertilizer
• Loom for weaving flax cotton
• Artisans made jewelry weapons

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The Agricultural Revolution

• Farming developed independently in different
  parts of the world
• Most likely due to climate changes
• Slash Burn cut trees and burn to clear a field

Middle East India Central America
China Southeast Asia 8,000 BC 7,000 BC
6,500 BC 6,000 BC 5,000 BC
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Complete chart on Hominids Early Humans
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Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning
point in human history??
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(No Transcript)
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Early Discoveries
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Stage 1
4,000,000 BC 1,000,000 BC

• Hominids Australopithecines
• any member of the family of two-legged primates
  that includes all humans.
• Southern Eastern Africa
• 1974 Lucy found in Ethiopia oldest hominid
  found to date
• Known as Hominids first to
• walk upright (more mobility)

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Stage 1

• HOMO HABILIS (Man of Skills) 2.5 million
  to 1.5 million B.C.

? found in East Africa Olduvai Gorge
? created stone tools.
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Homo Habilis
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Stage 2
1,600,000 BC 30,000 BC

• HOMO ERECTUS ( Upright Human Being )

? Larger and more varied tools --gt primitive
technology
? First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for
Europe and Asia.
? First to use fire ( 500,000 BC )
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Stage 3
200,000 BC 8,000 BC
HOMO SAPIENS ( Wise Human Being )
Neanderthals( 200,000 BCE 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons( 40,000 BCE 10,000 BCE )
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Homo Sapiens
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Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS

• Neander Valley, Germany (1856)
• Europe SWest Asia
• 200,000-30,000 B.C.

• First humans to bury their dead (Religion)

• Made clothes from animal skins.

• Lived in caves and tents.

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Stage 3
NEANDERTHALS
Early Hut/Tent
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Stage 3
CRO-MAGNONs 40,000 to 8,000 B.C.

• Homo sapiens sapiens ( Wise, wise human )
• Found in Europe

• By 30,000 B.C. they replaced Neanderthals.

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Homo sapiens sapiens in Europe

• Cro-Magnons
• identical to modern humans
• Spoken language
• Planned their hunts studies
• animal habits stalked prey
• ?Populations grew faster than
• Neanderthals
• ? Created Art

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Cro-Magnon
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Video The Neolithic Ice Man
Section 1-2 Humans try to Control Nature
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Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning
point in human history??
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Early Settled Communities

• Africa The Nile River Valley ? wheat, barley

• China Huang He (Yellow River) Valley ? grain
  (millet), and rice

• Mexico Central America ? corn, beans, squash

• Peru ? tomatoes, sweet potatoes, white potatoes

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Early Settled Communities

• 8,000 B.C. ? Largest Early Settlement at Çatal
  Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) ? 6,000 inhabitants

? 12 cultivated crops
? Division of labor
? Engaged in trade
? Organized religion
An obsidian dagger
? Small military
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Early Settled Communities
Çatal Hüyük
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What is the next step in the development
of human settlements??
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Cities
CIVILIZATIONS !!
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What are the characteristics of a civilization??
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Advanced Cities
Advanced Technology
CIVILIZATION
Specialized Workers
Record- Keeping
Complex Institutions
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1. Advanced cities ? Center of Trade variety
of goods2. Specialized Workers ? skills in a
specific kind of work3. Complex Instituions ?
Government, Religion, economy4. Record Keeping
? Tax, laws, storage of grain, Calendar of
rituals5. Advanced Technology ? Plows,
irrigation, Bronze Age for Weapons

• Civilizations

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Civilization Emerges in Ur

• Banks of the Euphrates River (Sumer)
• Population 30,000
• 3000 B.C.
• Well defined social classes
• Barter system
• Ziggurat (Temple) is center of city life

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Ziggurat at Ur

• Temple
• Mountain of the Gods

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The Course of Empire The Savage State
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The Course of Empire Pastoral State
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The Course of Empire The Consummation
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The Course of Empire Destruction
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The Course of Empire Desolation
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Resources

• Susan Pojer Horace Greely HS NY
• Pat Helm Hickory Ridge HS NC
• Darrell Wells Hickory Ridge HS - NC