World War II

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World War II

• Sides
• Battles

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Axis Powers(Communism, Dictatorship)VS.Alli
ed Powers(Democracy, Free Enterprise)
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The Main Allied Powers

• United States
• United Kingdom
• Soviet Union
• France

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The main Axis Powers were?

• Germany
• Italy
• Japan

Nazi Germany
Fascist Italy
Japan
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Hitler
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Germany
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Italy
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Hitler (right)Mussolini (left)
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Japan
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Hideki Tojo

• Forced Konoye to resign
• Became Japans Prime Minister
• Approved the attack on Pearl Harbor

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USA
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Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Winston Churchill
Prime Minister Of the United Kingdom
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United Kingdom Map
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France
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Charles De Gaulle
Frances President
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Soviet Union
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Joseph Stalin
General Secretary of the Central Committee of the
Soviet Union
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Reason the War Started

• Germany wants the Sudetenland (rich in resources)
  to fuel his war machine.
• Sudetenland located in Austria/Hungary/Czechoslova
  kia
• Anschluss unification of Austria and Germany
• Great Britain and France appease Nazi Party to
  prevent war
• Czechoslovakia upset democracy
• Germany demand the Danzig port back to Germany
  (strong ties with Germany)
• Nazi sign Non-aggression Act with Russia

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• World War II (Length)
• Sept 1st, 1939 - Officially starts when Germany
  invades Poland
• December 8th, 1941 - US declares War on Japan
  (day after Pearl Harbor)
• 2300 servicemen,18 ships and 150 planes lost
• Congress voted Senate 82-0 and House 388-1 to
  declare war on Japan
• June 6th, 1944 D-Day
• February of 1945 - Germany surrenders at Yalta in
  
• August 6th, 1945 - First A-bomb dropped
  (Hiroshima - killed 80,00 Japan says 200,00? 90
  of city)
• August 9th, 1945 - Second A-bomb dropped
  (Nagasaki killed 45,000)
• September 2nd, 1945 Japan surrenders (War over)

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War and Battles

• Key Dates
• Germany invades Soviet Union
• German troops invade Balkan countries
• Pearl Harbor
• Battle of Alamein
• Battle of Stahlingrad
• Bataan Death March
• Battle of Atlantic
• D-Day Invasion (Normandy)
• Battle of the Bulge
• Battle of the Coral Sea
• Battle of Midway
• Guadalcanal
• Battle of Leyte Gulf
• Battle of Iwo Jima
• Battle of Okinawa
• Manhattan Project

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Leningrad

• Now called St. Petersburg
• Germany surrounds Leningrad and 600,000 civilians
  starve and die
• 1941-1942 4,000 Soviets a day starve

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Balkan Invasion

• German drive British forces from Greece
• take control of Caspian Sea (oil)
• Suez Canal trade.
• Germany forces British and other soldiers to work
  in labor camps

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Suez Canal

• Caspian Sea

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Battle of Alamein

• Italy and Germany have control of Northern Africa
  and are headed towards Cairo/Suez Canal
• US decides to start here because the Axis forces
  are less powerful and stop German forces from
  Tunisia to Libya.
• The Battle of Alamein forces Germany out Northern
  Africa

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Battle of Stalingrad

• Some of the fiercest fighting of war
• Germany halted at Stalingrad in 1943 after 3
  months of fighting
• 300,000 Germans and 500,000 Soviets dead

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Remember Stalingrad

• "We think of the great battle on the Volga
  without hatred or malice.
• However, we consider Stalingrad to be a lesson
  from the past which, unfortunately, must be
  remembered. Should that war be recalled? Some
  think not, but I don't agree. That war must be
  recalled until the time when mankind will say
  "we don't want war and will do everything
  possible to prevent it so that never again will
  there be war on this earth". There will be a day
  when we shall stop recalling the war and say it
  was the last - not because we should like to
  believe it is so, but because we shall know it is
  so.                          Text by the Soviet
  writer Konstantin Simonov.

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Bataan Death March

• General Douglas MacArthur put in charge of the
  Philippines, but could do little to stop Japan
• Japan takes American base at the Philippines by
  seizing the Capital at Manilla
• Japan target British Naval base at Singapore
• Japan takes British, American and Filipino
  prisoners and were put on a Death March of over
  65 miles were they are clubbed, shot and starved.
• Around 7,000-10,000 Filipinos were killed
• MacArthur ordered to flee to Australia, stated I
  shall return!

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Bataan Peninsula
The Bataan Penninsula is Located 28 miles west
of Minila
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Bombing of Tokyo

• While MacArthur was leaving the Philippines,
  Lieutenant Colonel James Doolittle was put in
  command of the mission that bombed Japan on April
  18.
• In early 1942, B-25 bombers replaced the
  aircraft carriers short-range bombers because
  they could attack from farther away. Tokyo was
  the key target.

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Battle at Coral Sea

• American Navy despite being half the size of
  Japans stop Japans movement towards Australia
• Battle fought by Warplanes
• Beginning of Japanese decline

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Island Hopping

• The next phase of this War was no to be directed
  to our primary targetJAPAN.
• The strategy that led to the eventual downfall of
  Japan became known as Island Hopping which was
  the skipping from nearby island to the next
  nearby island until our hops ended up close to
  Japan

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Island Hopping
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Battle of Midway

• Japan send 100 ships to Midway to take the Base
  to continue towards Hawaii
• US intercepted and decoded message to help.
• War fought mostly by planes, shot down 38 Zeros
• US sank 4 Japanese Warships in a period of
  minutes to send Japan retreating.
• Turning point of war with Japan

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Guadalcanal

• City in Solomon Islands controlled by Japan
• First US offensive.
• Marine stormed the shores to root out Japan.
• Many causalities but finally succeeded

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Solomon Islands
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Guadalcanal Map
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Europe an N. Africa
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Midway in OceaniaHawaii
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Map of Southeast Asia
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Battle of the Atlantic

• At first US could do little to stop Japan in the
  Pacific.
• Admiral Charles Nimitz used convoys to prevent
  Japan from sinking our Liberty Ships
• US forces takes control of the Atlantic for the
  1st time.
• German U-boats lose their effectiveness at sea.

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Battle of the Bulge (cont.)

• Germany last ditch effort to take back France
  and regain some power
• Germany made some ground but not enough
• This is were the phrase Bend but not Break was
  used
• Led to the surrender of the Nazi party and Adolph
  Hitler
• VE Day Victory in Europe.

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D-Day Invasion

• Normandy (North Shore of France)
• Code Name Operation Overlord
• Largest single invasion in military history
• Elaborate plan that included Mulberry Harbor
• British and US main designers of the plan
• Total estimated dead
• 2500 Allies
• 4,000 to 9,000 Axis
• (mostly Germans)

• Higgins Boats

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Normandy
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Invasion
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Mulberry Harbor
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Leyte Gulf

• Largest Naval engagement in History
• US wiped out Japans Navy for good.

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Map of Leyte Gulf (in Philippians)
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Iwo Jima

• Small island in the Pacific
• Part of Island hopping technique in Pacific
• US victory took control of airbase

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Iwo Jima (Memorial in DC)
Iwo Jima (Memorial in DC)
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Map of Iwo Jima
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Okinawa

• Another major Island hopping victory in the
  Pacific
• US Victory

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Battle of the Bulge
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Manhattan Project
A project created by FDR as a result of
Einsteins letter in which a team of 12 scientist
were placed in a military base for the single
purpose of creating and atomic weapon. The result
was empowering. The project was led by
PhysicistHenry Oppenheimer!

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hi
  roshima_and_Nagasaki

• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hi
  roshima_and_Nagasaki

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Albert Einstein

• Einstein who is most famous for the creation of
  the Theory of Relativity and the world most
  famous equation (EMC2), came to visit the US in
  1933 never went back to Germany. The event was?

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The Letter

• Einstein wrote a letter to US President FDR,
  warning him of Liza Minters discovery of
  splitting the atom. Einstein was adamant that the
  US must beat Hitler on the creation of an atomic
  weapons or the world is doomed. The letter led to

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"Development of Substitute Materials",

• The Manhattan Project began modestly in 1939
• Grew to employ more than 130,000 people and cost
  nearly US 2 billion (about 26 billion as of
  2013)
• 90 of the cost was for building factories and
  producing the fissionable materials, with less
  than 10 for development and production of the
  weapons
• Research and production took place at more than
  30 sites across the United States, the United
  Kingdom and Canada.

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3 Bombs

• Initial Bomb created and TESTED.
• Little Boy 1st to be dropped.
• Fat Man 2nd to be dropped.
• Initial plan was to test one
• Display one (detonate to show Japan)
• Keep one
• (Japan believed it was a trick, would have
  nothing to do with it!)

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Hiroshima

• A city of military and industrial significance in
  Japan
• 7th Largest city in Japan
• First A-bomb was dropped
• Bomb dropped August 6 by Paul Tibbets
• Name of the airplane was the Anola Gay Tibbets
  mother
• Instantly killed 80,00 people, Japan claimed
  200,00

Nagasaki

• Nagasaki was picked as a result of Military and
  Industrial importance also
• It was the largest port in south Japan
• Instantly killed 45,000 people

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Paul Tibbett and the Enola Gay
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Little Boy
Re-enactment
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After Little Boy
Hiroshima
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Fat Man
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After Fat Man
Nagasaki
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September 2nd, 1945 Japan surrendersVJ Day
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Effects

• On July 26th, 1945, China, UK and the US called
  for a Japanese surrender at the Potsdam
  Declaration. Japan ignored the ultimatum.
• 10 days later Truman gave the order.
• Within the first 4 months of the drop, 90 to
  166,000 est. dead at Hiroshima and 60 to 80,000
  dead at Nagasaki.
• It is believed that 60 of the deaths died
  instantly from flash, flame or falling debris.
• 6 day later Japan surrendered
• 60 to 70 million died 40 to 50 million civilians
• Divide by 4

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• On Sunday, December 7th, 1941 the Japanese
  launched a surprise attack against the U.S.
  Forces stationed at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. By
  planning his attack on a Sunday, the Japanese
  commander Admiral Nagumo, hoped to catch the
  entire fleet in port. As luck would have it, the
  Aircraft Carriers and one of the Battleships were
  not in port. (The USS Enterprise was returning
  from Wake Island, where it had just delivered
  some aircraft. The USS Lexington was ferrying
  aircraft to Midway, and the USS Saratoga and USS
  Colorado were undergoing repairs in the United
  States.)
• In spite of the latest intelligence reports about
  the missing aircraft carriers (his most important
  targets), Admiral Nagumo decided to continue the
  attack with his force of six carriers and 423
  aircraft. At a range of 230 miles north of Oahu,
  he launched the first wave of a two-wave attack.
  Beginning at 0600 hours his first wave consisted
  of 183 fighters and torpedo bombers which struck
  at the fleet in Pearl Harbor and the airfields in
  Hickam, Kaneohe and Ewa. The second strike,
  launched at 0715 hours, consisted of 167
  aircraft, which again struck at the same targets.
• At 0753 hours the first wave consisting of 40
  Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" torpedo bombers, 51 Aichi
  D3A1 "Val" dive bombers, 50 high altitude bombers
  and 43 Zeros struck airfields and Pearl Harbor
  Within the next hour, the second wave arrived and
  continued the attack.

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Pearl Harbor Casualties

• Casualties
• USArmy 218 KIA, 364 WIA.
• USNavy 2,008 KIA, 710 WIA.
• USMarineCorp 109 KIA, 69 WIA.
• Civilians 68 KIA, 35 WIA.
• TOTAL 2,403 KIA, 1,178 WIA.
• Battleships
• USS Arizona (BB-39) - total loss when a bomb hit
  magazine.
• USS Oklahoma (BB-37) - Total loss when she
  capsized and sunk in the harbor.
• USS California (BB-44) - Sunk at her berth. Later
  raised and repaired.
• USS West Virginia (BB-48) - Sunk at her berth.
  Later raised and repaired.
• USS Nevada - (BB-36) Beached to prevent sinking.
  Later repaired.
• USS Pennsylvania (BB-38) - Light damage.
• USS Maryland (BB-46) - Light damage.
• USS Tennessee (BB-43) Light damage.
• Destroyers
• USS Downes (DD-375) - Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
• USS Cassin - (DD-37 2) Destroyed. Parts salvaged.
• USS Shaw (DD-373) - Very heavy damage.

• Cruisers
• USS New Orleans (CA-32) - Light Damage..
• USS San Francisco (CA38) - Light Damage.
• USS Detroit (CL-8) - Light Damage.
• USS Raleigh (CL-7) - Damaged but repaired.
• USS Helena (CL-50) - Light Damage.
• USS Honolulu (CL-48) - Light Damage..
• Minelayer
• USS Ogala (CM-4) Sunk, later raised and
  repaired.
• Seaplane Tender
• USS Curtiss (AV-4) - Severely damaged but later
  repaired.
• Repair Ship
• USS Vestal (AR-4) - Sever ely damaged but later
  repaired.
• Harbor Tug
• USS Sotoyomo (YT-9) - Sunk but later raised and
  repaired.
• Aircraft
• 188 Aircraft destroyed (92 USN and 92 U.S. Army
  Air Corps.)

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Pearl Harbor Photos

• Photos found in an old Brownie stored in a foot
  locker from a sailor who, was on the USS QUAPAW
  ATF-11O.

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Pearl Harbor 1
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Pearl Harbor 2
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Pearl Harbor 3
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Pearl Harbor 4
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Pearl Harbor 5
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Pearl Harbor 6
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Pearl Harbor 7
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Pearl Harbor 8
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Pearl Harbor 9
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Pearl Harbor 10
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Pearl Harbor 11
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Pearl Harbor 12
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Pearl Harbor 13
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Pearl Harbor 14
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Pearl Harbor 15
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WW I Fatalities
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hi
roshima_and_Nagasaki
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WW II Fatalities
Percent of Jews killed in World War II 18
Million Total prior WWII -6 million
killed-33 60 of Europes Jews 90 of Polands
Jews
  Country Military Civilian Total
  Soviet Union 8,668,000 16,900,000 25,568,000
  China 1,324,000 10,000,000 11,324,000
  Germany 3,250,000 3,810,000 7,060,000
  Poland 850,000 6,000,000 6,850,000
  Japan 1,506,000 300,000 1,806,000
  Yugoslavia 300,000 1,400,000 1,700,000
  Rumania 520,000 465,000 985,000
  France 340,000 470,000 810,000
  Hungary     750,000
  Austria 380,000 145,000 525,000
  Greece     520,000
  Italy 330,000 80,000 410,000
  Czechoslovakia     400,000
  Great Britain 326,000 62,000 388,000
  USA 295,000   295,000
  Holland 14,000 236,000 250,000
  Belgium 10,000 75,000 85,000
  Finland 79,000   79,000
  Canada 42,000   42,000
  India 36,000 36,000
  Australia 39,000   39,000
  Spain 12,000 10,000 22,000
  Bulgaria 19,000 2,000 21,000
  New Zealand 12,000   12,000
  South Africa 9,000   9,000
  Norway 5,000   5,000
  Denmark 4,000   4,000
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The
End
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Pearl HarborDecember 7th, 1941

• 2300 soldiers, 150 planes and 18 ships lost
• Congress voted 82-0 (Senate) and 388-1 (House) to
  declare war on Japan.
• FDR This day will live in infamy
• Tojo I feel we have woke a sleeping giant!

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Strategy

• Pearl Harbor had two characteristics that made it
  susceptible to attack.
• The harbor was shallow and a bottleneck.
• (2) Oahu is shaped like a bowl (high on the edges
  and low in the middle)

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Oahu
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Pearl Harbor
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Torpedo Technology
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Kate Torpedo
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July 16,1939

• Arguably the one single day that unexpectedly
  changed American history the most?
• The event was precipitated by one of the most
  recognized person in history.
• The person was?

Henry Oppenheimer