REVIEW Transport

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REVIEWTransport
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• 1. Which part of the human blood
• a. is the most numerous?
• b. contains a nucleus?
• c. is produced in the bone marrow?
• d. consists mainly of water?

rbcs
wbcs
rbcs, wbcs, platelets
plasma
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white blood cell
Y
Z
red blood cell
platelet
2. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
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• 3. Which activity is not a function of white
  blood cells in response to an invasion of the
  body by bacteria?
• engulfing these bacteria
• producing antibodies to act against this type of
  bacteria
• preparing for future invasions of this type of
  bacteria
• speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
  detect these bacteria

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• 4. Explain the difference between arteries and
  veins.

• Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry
  blood to the heart.

• Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic
  than veins.

• Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than
  veins.

• Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of
  blood. Arteries do not have valves.

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• 5. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

The exchange or diffusion of substances into or
out of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY
thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.
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glucose
O2
CO2
O2
glucose
glucose
O2
CO2
6.The diagram represents a capillary near some
cells. a. Identify the substances diffusing out
of the capillary and into cells. b. Identify the
substances diffusing out of cells into the
capillary.
CO2
O2
glucose
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7. Identify the structures below.
Pulmonary artery
aorta
left atrium
Upper vena cava
Pulmonary vein
right atrium
left ventricle
right ventricle
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• 8. When blood passes through the heart from the
  left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it
  must first pass through a

valve
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• 9. Describe the function of plasma.
• Transports materials (blood cells, hormones,
  wastes)
• 10. Describe the function and shape of red blood
  cells.
• Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen carbon
  dioxide

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• 11. What do red blood cells contain?
• Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them to carry
  oxygen)

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• 12. Identify the part of blood being described.
• a. Most numerous blood cell.
• Red blood cells
• b. Carries enzymes.
• plasma
• c. Involved in blood clotting.
• platelets
• d. Carries oxygen.
• Red blood cells

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• 12. Identify the part of blood being described.
• e. Largest blood cell.
• White blood cells
• f. Made up of 90 water.
• plasma
• g. Involved in blood clotting.
• platelets
• h. Protect the body against disease.
• White blood cells
• i. Carries hormones.
• plasma

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• 13. What component of blood is important in
  healing wounds on the skin?  
• a.  red blood cells  
• b.  urea  
• c.  platelets  
• d.  white blood cells 

c
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• 14. What is a pickup function of blood?  
• picks up urine from the bladder  
• picks up undigested food from the large
  intestine  
• picks up carbon dioxide from the air in the lungs
    
• picks up carbon dioxide waste from cells.

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• 15. What is a major difference between red blood
  cells and white blood cells?
• Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but white
  blood cells do not.
• Red blood cells can move, but white blood cells
  cannot.
• Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white blood
  cells do not.
• Red blood cells engulf foreign bacteria, but
  white blood cells do not.

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•  16. Where are red and white blood cells made in
  the body?  
• a.  in lymph nodes  
• b.  in bone marrow  
• c.  at the sinoatrial node  
• d.  in the heart

b
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• 17. What component of blood plays a role in
  protection against disease?  
• a.  white blood cells  
• b.  platelets  
• c.  urea  
• d.  red blood cells

a
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• 18. Which blood component is a liquid?   
• a.  platelets  
• b.  white blood cells  
• c.  plasma  
• d.  red blood cells

c
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• 19. Which type of blood could a person with blood
  type O safely receive?
• Only blood type O
• 20. What type of blood can a person receive if
  they have blood type B?
• Types A, B, AB, and O

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• 21. If someone has blood type A,
• what antigens are found on their blood cells?
• A antigens
• b. what antibodies are found in there blood
• Anti-B antibodies
• c. what does the positive sign mean?
• They have the Rh factor (18 extra proteins found
  on the red blood cells)

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a
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c
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25. Identify the blood vessels below
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
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• 26. Identify the blood vessel described.
• a. Carry blood towards the heart.
• veins
• b. Thickest blood vessel.
• arteries
• c. Where the diffusion of substances occurs.
• capillaries
• d. Contain valves.
• veins

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• 26. Identify the blood vessel described.
• e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse rate.
• arteries
• f. Thinnest blood vessel
• capillaries
• g. Blood flows through with a lot of pressure.
• arteries
• h. Very elastic.
• arteries

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• 27. Explain the function of the circulatory
  system.
• Transport materials through the body
• 28. Describe the four chambers of the heart.
• right atrium right ventricle pump
  deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs
• Left atrium left ventricle pump oxygenated
  blood from lungs to cells
• 29. Explain the importance of valves in the
  heart.
• Prevent blood from moving backwards
• 30. Why is the septum so important?
• Prevents blood in right and left sides from
  mixing

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• 31. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to?
• The lungs
• 32. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to?
• To body cells
• 33. Identify the largest artery in the body.
  Where does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or
  deoxygenated?
• Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated

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• 34.Identify the part of the heart being
  described.
• a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.
• Left atrium
• b. Wall that separates the right and left side of
  the heart.
• septum
• c. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated blood.
• Right ventricle

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• 34. Identify the part of the heart being
  described.
• d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.
• Right atrium
• e. Prevents the backflow of blood between atria
  and ventricles.
• valves
• f. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated blood.
• Left ventricles

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upper vena cava
aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary vein
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
Lower vena cava
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• 36. Which side of your heart pumps oxygenated
  blood?
• left
• 37. To where will this blood be sent to?
• lungs
• 38. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood
  back to the right side of the heart?
• Vena cava

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• 39. What part of the heart receives blood?
• atria
• 40. What is the function of a valve?
• Prevents backflow of blood
• 41. What kind of blood does the aorta carry?
• oxygenated
• 42. Where does the aorta send blood to?
• Everywhere in the body

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• 43.

A.
aorta
Upper vena cava
J.
B.
Left atrium
Right atrium
I.
C.
valve
H.
valve
D.
Left ventricle
Right ventricle
G.
F.
E.
septum
Lower vena cava
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Immune System Review
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• 44. What is pathogen?
• Disease causing organism (germ)
• 45. How does the skin protect the body?
• It prevents pathogens from entering the body.
• 46. Explain what happens during an inflammatory
  response (2nd line of defense)?
• White blood cells destroy pathogens.

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• 47. How do antibodies work?
• They attach to the pathogen and slow them down so
  they can be destroyed by WBCs.
• 48. How are antibodies made?
• White blood cells make them.
• T-cells tell the B-cells to make them.

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• 49. How are infectious diseases different from
  noninfectious diseases?
• Infectious diseases are caused by a pathogen and
  can be spread to someone else.
• Noninfectious diseases are not caused by a
  pathogen and cannot be spread.
• 50. Identify 1 example of an infectious disease.
• AIDS, cold, flu, strep throat
• 51. Identify 1 example of a noninfectious
  disease.
• Cancer, diabetes

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• 52. How does HIV affect the body?
• It destroys T- cells so antibodies cannot be
  produced to fight off pathogens.
• 53. What is an allergy?
• When the body is sensitive to a certain
  substance.
• 54. Explain what happens if someone has cancer?
• Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably.

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• 55. Explain one difference between active and
  passive immunity?
• Active permanent, you make your own antibodies
• Passive temporary, get antibodies from another
• 56. How does a person acquire active immunity to
  a specific disease?
• Get the disease, or get a vaccine.
• 57. What is a vaccine?
• Injection of a dead or week pathogen, so body
  makes antibodies and memory cells to fight it.
• 58. Give an example of someone acquiring passive
  immunity.
• Baby getting mothers antibodies before birth and
  through breast milk.

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• 59. Explain how wbcs can protect the body
  against disease.

Wbcs produce antibodies and memory cells when a
pathogen (antigen) enter the body.
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• 60. Give an example of a process that brings
  about active immunity.

Person can come into contact with the pathogen
(get sick).
A person can get a vaccine.
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• 62.What substances are formed by the human body
  in response to foreign proteins entering the
  body?

Antibodies
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• 63. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely
  gets this disease again. What type of immunity is
  represented?

Active Immunity
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• 64. Explain the contents of a vaccine.

Dead or weak PATHOGEN
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• 65.How does a measles vaccine protect a child
  entering school against the measles?

• Vaccine is injected.

• The body makes antibodies and memory cells.

• Antibodies help kill the pathogen.

• Memory cells stay to remember the pathogen.

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• 66. Which type of immunity is when your body
  makes the antibodies after recovering from a
  disease or getting a vaccination?

Passive Immunity
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• 67. The immune system of humans may respond to
  chemicals on the surface of an invading organism.
• What are these chemicals on the surface called?
  Explain what will happen once these chemicals
  enter the body.

• Antigens

• The body will produce antibodies and memory
  cells.

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• 68. Which substances may form in the human body
  due to invaders entering the blood?

Antibodies and memory cells.
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• 69. What is an allergy?
• 70. What occurs when someone experiences an
  allergic reaction?

An oversensitivity to a HARMLESS substance.
The body makes HISTAMINES.
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• 71. What pathogen causes AIDS?
• 72. What is the effect of AIDS on the body?

• HIV (virus)

• It weakens the immune system (destroys T- cells)
  so the body cannot fight pathogens well.

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• 73. Describe cancer.

• Uncontrolled cell growth

• A tumor may form.

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• 74. Which statement best describes what happens
  when someone receives a vaccination?
• The ability to fight disease will increase due to
  antibodies received from the pathogen.
• The ability to fight disease caused by the
  pathogen will increase due to antibody
  production.
• The ability to produce antibodies will decrease
  after the vaccination.
• The ability to resist most types of diseases will
  increase.

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• 75. Which activity is not a function of white
  blood cells in response to a pathogen?
• engulfing these bacteria
• producing antibodies to act against this type of
  bacteria
• preparing for future invasions of this type of
  bacteria
• speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
  detect these bacteria

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• 76. The immune system of humans may respond to
  chemicals on the surface of a pathogen by
• releasing hormones that break down these
  chemicals
• synthesizing antibodies that mark these organisms
  to be destroyed
• secreting antibiotics that attach to these
  organisms
• altering a DNA sequence in these organisms

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• 77. Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight
  invasions of a specific pathogen by
• inhibiting antigen production
• stimulating antibody production
• inhibiting white blood cell production
• stimulating red blood cell production

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• 78. Which statement best describes an immune
  response?
• 1. It always produces antibiotics.
• 2. It usually involves the recognition and
  destruction of pathogens.
• 3. It stimulates asexual reproduction and
  resistance in pathogens.
• 4. It releases red blood cells that destroy
  parasites.

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• 79. Which phrase does not describe a way the
  human body responds to fight disease?
• (1) destruction of infectious agents by white
  blood cells
• (2) production of antibodies by white blood cells
  
• (3) increased production of white blood cells
• (4) production of pathogens by white blood cells

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• 80. A person with AIDS is likely to develop
  infectious diseases because the virus that causes
  AIDS
• (1) destroys cancerous cells
• (2) damages the immune system
• (3) increases the rate of antibody production
• (4) increases the rate of microbe destruction

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81.
1
82.
1
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• 83. Part of the bodys first line of defense
  against disease-causing organisms is
• a. the immune system b. the skin
• c. antibodies d. interferon

b
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• 84. Molecules that are foreign to your body are
  called
• a. antibodies b. white blood cells
• c. antigens d. histamines

c
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• 85. In some individuals, the immune system
  attacks substances that are usually harmless,
  resulting in
• 1. an allergic reaction
• 2. a form of cancer
• 3. an insulin imbalance
• 4. a mutation

1
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• 86. Infectious diseases are caused by
• deficiencies in the diet
• Allergies
• microscopic organisms that can be transmitted
  from one organism to another
• malfunctioning organs

c
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• 87. Which substances may form in the human body
  due to invaders entering the blood?
• a. nutrients  b. vaccines 
• c. antibodies d. red blood cells

c
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• 88. Resistance to a specific disease is a(n)
• antibiotic. b. immunity.
• c. white blood cells. d. addiction
• 89. Once you have had the chicken pox, it is
  unlikely that you will ever get the disease again
  because your body has developed a(n)
• passive immunity. b. addiction.
• c. active immunity. d. antibiotic.

b
c
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• 90. Immunity that occurs when a body makes its
  own antibodies is called _________immunity.
• a. Passive b. Temporary
  
• c. Shortened d. Active
• 91. An injection of a weakened virus that allows
  one to develop immunity against a disease is
  called a
• a. antibody b. vaccine
  
• c. epidemic d. pathogen

d
b
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• 92. Which of the following parts of the body's
  defense system seeks out and destroys bacteria?
• mucus b. white blood cells
• c. skin d. red blood cells

b