Food and Nutrients - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Food and Nutrients

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Food and Nutrients Macromolecules Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Chains of monomers (single units) make polymers (macromolecules) Digestive enzymes breakdown polymers ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Food and Nutrients


1
Food and Nutrients
2
Macromolecules
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
  • Chains of monomers (single units) make polymers
    (macromolecules)
  • Digestive enzymes breakdown polymers into their
    monomers

3
Carbohydrates
  • Made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
  • Major source for energy
  • Made up of monosaccharides (simples sugars (e.g.
    glucose, fructose, galactose)
  • Can form disaccharides (e.g. glucose fructose
    sucrose) and polysaccharides (e.g. glycogen and
    starch)

4
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5
Fiber
  • Cellulose from cell walls cannot be digested by
    humans
  • Insoluble fiber helps hold water and helps your
    muscles move food and wastes through your
    digestive system
  • Soluble fiber may reduce the risk of heart disease

6
Proteins
  • Made up of amino acids
  • Hair, muscles, enzymes
  • Excess amino acids cannot be stored, so you need
    to eat protein every day
  • Found in animal products such as meat, milk, eggs
    and cheese

7
Lipids
  • Made from fatty acids and glycerol
    (triglycerides)
  • Energy storage
  • Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins
  • Cushioning and insulation

8
The good, the bad and the ugly!
  • Unsaturated Fats
  • Have at least one double-bond carbon in the fatty
    acid chain
  • Usually liquid at room temperature
  • Small amounts are good for a healthy diet
  • Saturated Fats
  • Single-bonded carbons in fatty acid chain
  • Contains the maximum number of hydrogen's
    (saturated)
  • Solids at room temperature
  • Eat sparingly
  • Trans Fats
  • Unsaturated fats that have been hydrogenated (had
    hydrogen added to them)
  • Longer shelf live, solids at room temperature
  • Should be avoided

9
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10
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11
Vitamins Minerals
  • Nutrients needed in small quantities
  • If carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are the
    building blocks, then vitamins minerals are
    the tools

12
  • Vitamins
  • Organic nutrients (contain carbon)
  • Water- or fat-soluble
  • Water-soluble vitamins like vitamin C and B
    cannot be stored and need to be in your daily
    diet
  • Small amounts of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E,
    K) can be stored
  • Minerals
  • Inorganic nutrients (e.g. Ca, Fe, P, Cu, Na, Zn)
  • Minerals should be a part of your daily diet to
    replace what you lose in sweat and urine

13
Water
  • Most important nutrient!

14
Macromolecule Summary
Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids
Dietary Source Cereals, bread, rice, potatoes Meat, eggs, cheese, beans Cheese, milk
Polymer (macromolecule) Polysaccharides Polypeptides Triglycerides
Monomer (subunits) Monosaccharides (simple sugars) Amino acids Glycerol fatty acids
Enzyme Amylase, lactase Proteases pepsin, peptidase, trypsin Lipases
Functions Energy!! Growth repair, enzymes, transport, energy Cellular membranes, nerve cells, hormones, energy
15
Matching Quiz
  • http//www.neok12.com/Health-Nutrition.htm
  • Quiz on Nutrition 1 and 2
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