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The Muscular and Skeletal Systems

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Voluntary Muscles Muscles that you are in control of ... Protect internal tissues and organs from damage Act as ... http://video.about.com/orthopedics/Fractures ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Muscular and Skeletal Systems


1
The Muscular and Skeletal Systems
  • Warm-up
  • Have you ever have had an injury to a muscle? Or
    broken a bone? What happened? How long did it
    take to heal? What type of treatment did you have
    to do?

2
The Human Body BookMuscular System
  • The muscular system produces an endless variety
    of actions by using muscles as coordinated teams.
    Muscle tissue creates bodily movements and it
    also powers internal processes, from the
    heartbeat to the movement of food through the
    intestines, the adjustment of artery diameter to
    the focusing of the eye. The muscular system
    leads a very physical existence, in which regular
    use prevents wasting, and injury is more common
    than disease. However, muscles are helpless
    without the nervous system to stimulate and
    integrate their activity.

3
Muscular System
  • The function of the muscular system is to
    contract and relax your muscles.
  • It allows your body to move.
  • There are approximately 640 muscles in the body.
  • About 42 muscle mass in males.
  • About 36 muscle mass in females.
  • All muscles bear Latin names that describe one
    or more aspects of their shape, structure, or
    origin.
  • Flexor/Extensor longus/maximus/minimus

4
What Muscles Do!
  • The muscular system allows you to move
    voluntarily or involuntarily.
  • Voluntary Muscles
  • Muscles that you are in control of and allow your
    body to move, such as pick up a ball, or walk
    across a room.
  • What are some voluntary muscles you know?
  • Involuntary Muscles
  • Muscles that work automatically rather than under
    conscious control.
  • They control such actions as breathing,
    digestion, and most importantly your heart beat.

5
How Muscles Work
  • A muscle is made up of hundreds of long cells
    called muscle fibers.
  • Major muscles in the body are made up of hundreds
    of bundles of these fibers.
  • When these bundles are stimulated by nerve
    impulses, or signals, they contract, or shorten.
  • When they relax, the bundles extend, or stretch.

6
Types of Muscles
  • There are three types of muscles
  • Smooth muscles
  • Muscles that act on the lining of the bodys
    passageways and hollow internal organs.
  • Can be found in the digestive tract, the urinary
    bladder, the lining of the blood vessels, etc.
  • They are involuntary muscles.
  • Cardiac muscle
  • A type of striated muscle that forms the wall of
    the heart.
  • Involuntary muscle.
  • Responsible for contraction of the heart.

7
Types of Muscles
  • Skeletal Muscles
  • Muscles that are attached to bone.
  • Voluntary muscles
  • Skeletal muscles often work together in pairs to
    produce movement. One muscle contracts while the
    other relaxes.
  • What skeletal muscles can you think of that work
    in pairs to produce movement?
  • Biceps/triceps hamstring/quadriceps

8
Types of Muscles
9
Muscles and tendons
  • Tendons are tough, fibrous cords of connective
    tissue that link skeletal muscles to bones.
  • Tendonitis inflammation of the tendon
  • Result of injury, overuse, or natural aging.
  • Treatment mayincludes ultrasound or
    anti-inflammatory medication to reduce pain and
    swelling.
  • Torn or Ruptured Tendon a sudden, powerful
    muscle contracting or wrenching injury can
    partially or completely tear a tendon.
  • Example Kobe Byranttorn Achilles tendon

10
Caring for Your Muscles
  • Get regular exercise
  • Eat high protein foods to build muscle
  • Practice good posture to strengthen back muscles.
  • Use proper equipment and wear appropriate
    clothing to protect muscles during any physical
    activity.
  • Warm up properly and stretch before exercising,
    and cool down after exercising to prevent injury.
  • What are some good sources of protein for an
    after workout snack?

11
Understanding Muscular Problems
  • Muscle soreness from a strenuous workout is a
    good thing, and although you may be sore, it is
    only temporary. Continuing to move will help get
    rid of soreness sooner.
  • More serious muscle injuries include
  • Bruises result from a blow to the body. Blood
    vessels rupture and leak.
  • Treat with ice to reduce initial swelling.
  • Muscle strains or sprains
  • Result when muscles are stretched or partially
    torn from overexertion.
  • Apply ice to reduce swelling and rest affected
    area.

12
Strain vs. Sprain
  • Sprains and strains are common injuries that
    share similar signs and symptoms, but involve
    different parts of your body.
  • A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments
    the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect
    one bone to another in your joints. The most
    common location for a sprain is in your ankle.
  • A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or
    tendon. A tendon is a fibrous cord of tissue that
    connects muscles to bones. Strains often occur in
    the lower back and in the hamstring muscle in the
    back of your thigh.

13
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14
The Human Body BookSkeletal System
  • With its highly engineered joints, the living
    skeleton provides a framework of stiff levels and
    stable plates that permits a multitude of
    movements. Intimately connected with the muscular
    system, the skeleton also integrates functionally
    with the cardiovascular systemevery second,
    millions of fresh blood cells pour out of bone
    marrow. A healthy diet that provides enough
    minerals, especially calcium, along with regular
    moderate exercise can reduce the risks of many
    bone and joint disorders.

15
How the Skeletal System Works
  • The skeletal system consists of 206 bones and
    connective tissue.
  • Makes up approximately one-fifth of a healthy
    bodys weight.
  • Anatomically, the skeleton has two regions
  • Axialskull, vertebral column, and rib cage.
  • Consists of 80 bones.
  • Appendicularthe hanging skeleton bones in the
    limbs, the pectoral and pelvic girdles.
  • Consists of 64 in the upper and 62 in the lower.
  • The connective tissues
  • Cushion the bones
  • Attach bone to bone
  • Attach bone to muscle

16
Functions of your skeletal system
  • Provide support for the body.
  • Protect internal tissues and organs from damage
  • Act as a framework for attached muscles.
  • Allow movement of limbs and digits.
  • Produce new red and white blood cells.
  • Store fat and minerals, such as calcium and
    phosphorous.

17
Bones
  • Made up of living tissue formed into different
    layers.
  • Compact bone layer hard and densely packed outer
    layer.
  • Spongy bone layer less dense bone with a
    network of cavities filled with red bone marrow,
    where blood cells are produced.
  • Yellow bone marrow stores fat.
  • Bones are categorized by their shape
  • Long bone
  • Short bone
  • Flat bone, and irregular bones
  • Can you name a bone that fits each of these
    categories?

18
Connective Tissue
  • There are three types of connective tissue
  • Cartilage
  • Strong flexible tissue that acts as a cushion
    between two bones to reduce friction.
  • It provides lightweight, flexible support at
    places in your body such as the outer ear.
  • Also works as a shock absorber
  • All bones begin in the embryo as cartilage.
  • Ligament
  • Band of fibrous, slightly elastic tissue that
    attaches one bone to another bone.
  • Attach to create joints. What are some joints
    can you think of?
  • Tendon
  • Fibrous cord that attaches muscle to the bone.
  • What are some tendons that you can name?

19
Joints
  • Joints, or articulations, are points at which
    bones meet.
  • Some joints, such as the ones between the bones
    of the skull do not move. These are called fixed
    joints.
  • Flexible joints are ones that move, these are
    called synovial joints
  • Ball-and-socket jointsallow for the greatest
    range of motion
  • Hinge jointsallows for forward and backward
    movement
  • Pivot jointsrotate on an axis
  • Saddle jointsallow bones to slide back and forth
    with limited rotation
  • Gliding jointsMovement is limited by strong
    encasing ligments
  • http//www.jeffsims.net/flash/skeleton.html

20
Caring for the Skeletal System
  • A healthy diet, exercise, protective gear, and
    regular checkups are ways to care for your
    skeletal system.
  • Foods high in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorous
    help prevent skeletal disorders.
  • During regular checkups, your doctor can screen
    for skeletal disorders like scoliosis.
  • Weight-bearing activities such as walking or
    weight training helps bones stay strong.
  • Wearing protective gear during sports reduces the
    risk of bone fractures.

21
Understanding Skeletal Problems
  • Poor nutrition, infections, sports injuries, and
    poor posture can lead to problems with the
    skeletal system.
  • Fractures any type of break in the bone
  • Hairline fractureparts of the bone do not
    separate.
  • Greenstick fracturecrack on one side of a long
    bone cause by bending under force.
  • Transverse fracturea powerful force may cause a
    break across the bone width.
  • Comminuted fracturebone shatters into several
    fragments.
  • Spiral fracturebone breaks diagonally across the
    shaft.
  • Compound fracturewhen broken end of bone breaks
    through the skin.

22
http//video.about.com/orthopedics/Fractures-1.htm

23
  • Injuries to joints
  • Can occur from overuse, strain, or disease.
  • Dislocation when a bone slips out of place,
    tearing the ligaments that attach the bone at the
    joint.
  • Torn cartilage can result from a sharp blow to
    a joint or a severe twisting of a joint.
  • Bursitis results from the painful inflammation
    of bursa, a fluid-filled sac that helps reduce
    friction in joints.
  • Bunions painful swelling of the bursae in the
    first joints of the big toes. Wearing
    ill-fitting shoes can make bunions worse.
  • Arthritis the inflammation of the joint,
    resulting from injury, natural wear and tear, or
    autoimmune disease.

24
  • Osteoporosis
  • Condition in which there is a progressive loss of
    bone tissue.
  • Bones weaken and become brittle.
  • Common in older adults.
  • Bone tissue loss is a natural part of aging, but
    healthful behaviors during your teen years can
    reduce your risk of developing osteoporosis later
    in life.
  • Eating foods containing calcium, vitamin D, and
    phosphorous will help bones remain strong and
    healthy.
  • Regular weight bearing activity, such as walking
    and weight training, stimulates bone cells to
    increase bone mass.
  • http//youtu.be/F7p23Zro7LU
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