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The Cell Cycle: Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis

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The Cell Cycle: Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis Gridlock Rules Cancer Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of cells group of cancer cells is a tumor As ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Cell Cycle: Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokinesis


1
The Cell CycleInterphase, Mitosis and
Cytokinesis
  • Gridlock Rules

2
Introduction You should be able to
  • Define interphase, mitosis and cytokinesis
  • Describe the cell cycle
  • Discuss the events and significance of mitosis.

3
Definitions
  • Interphase the period during the cell cycle
    between cell divisions, during which DNA
    replication and protein synthesis take place.

More...
4
Definitions (cont).
  • Mitosis is the process by which the nucleus of
    a cell is divided into two nuclei, each with the
    same number and kinds of chromosomes as the
    parent cell.
  • Cytokinesis is the process by which the
    cytoplasm divides forming two distinct cells.

5
Review
  • Chromosomes are structures in the cell that
    contain genetic information that is passed from
    one generation to the next.

6
Chromosomes
  • Only visible during mitosis
  • Made up of chromatin (DNA and proteins)
  • Cells of every organism have a specific number of
    chromosomes. (Goldfish94, Humans46)

7
Chromosome Structure
  • Each chromosome is made up of two identical
    chromatids joined at a specific site called the
    centromere.

8
The Cell Cycle
Interphase
Mitosis
  • Cytokinesis

9
Interphase
  • Period in between cell divisions
  • Usually longer than other phases
  • Chromosomes are unraveled, the DNA is at work
  • 3 main parts of interphase
  • G1 , S , G2

10
Interphase (cont.)
  • G1- Cell growth and development
  • S- DNA replication Protein Synthesis
  • G2- Organelle replication

11
Interphase
Animal Plant
12
Mitosis
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase

13
Prophase
  • Longest phase of mitosis
  • Chromosomes begin to form visible coils
  • Centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell (no
    centrioles in plant cells)
  • Spindle fibers form
  • Nucleolus disappears
  • Nuclear envelope breaks down

14
Prophase
Animal Plant
15
Metaphase
  • Shortest phase of mitosis
  • Chromosomes are fully coiled
  • Chromosomes line up at the middle of the cell
  • Spindle fibers form star-like patterns around the
    centrioles called asters

16
Metaphase
Animal Plant
17
Anaphase
  • Begins when the sister chromatids begin to
    separate
  • Chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell
  • Anaphase ends when the chromatids stop moving

18
Anaphase
Animal Plant
19
Telophase
  • Chromatids uncoil
  • Two nuclear envelopes form
  • Spindle fibers disappear
  • Nucleoli become visible
  • Telophase is the end of mitosis, but not the end
    of cell division.

20
Telophase
Animal Plant
21
Animal Cell Mitosis
I
M
P
T
A
22
Plant Cell Mitosis
I
M
P
T
A
23
Cytokinesis
  • Immediately following mitosis
  • Cytoplasm divides
  • Two separate cells are formed

24
Cytokinesis
Animal
25
Cell Cycle Summary
  • Interphase
  • Mitosis
  • Prophase
  • Metaphase
  • Anaphase
  • Telophase
  • Cytokinesis

26
Plant Vs. Animal Cellular Division
  • Animal Cells have centrioles, Plant cells do not

27
Plant Vs. Animal Cellular Division
  • Animal cells form a cleavage furrow during
    cytokinesis (cell membrane pinches in the middle)

28
Plant Vs. Animal Cellular Division
  • Plants generate a cell plate at the equator
    during anaphase.
  • Cell plate is filled with cellulose to make a new
    cell wall.

29
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Cleavage Furrow
Cell Plate
30
Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Cell Division
  • Prokaryotes divide by process called Binary
    Fission
  • They only have one chromosome called a nucleoid
  • Nucleoid is copied and separated during division

31
Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Cell Division
  • Binary fission produces 2 identical daughter
    cells
  • Can happen as fast as every 20 minutes.

32
Nucleoid
33
Prokaryote Vs. Eukaryote Cell Division
  • Eukaryotes produces 2 or more chromosomes
  • Organelles must be evenly separated into the new
    cells
  • Slower process (Human cells take over 16 hours to
    divide)

34
Cancer
  • Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of
    cells
  • group of cancer cells is a tumor
  • As the tumor grows, it destroys neighboring cells
    and tissues

35
Cancer
  • Two types of tumors
  • . Benign- cells grow in a ball, does not invade
    other cells.
  • . Malignant- unorganized growth that can spread
    to other parts of the body or tissues.

36
Cancer Cells
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