Spain in America

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Spain in America

• 2.3

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The Conquest of Mexico

• Conquistadors
• Gold silver
• 1519 Cortes arrives
• 1521 Aztecs conquered
• Cortes Spain gold

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Conquest of Peru

• 1533 Pizarro
• Silver for Pizarro Spain

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Why Spain Won

• Superior weapons animals
• Aztec neighbors helped
• Small pox

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Justification for Conquest

• Cultural superiority
• History of crusades
• Papal order dividing the New World
• Mission to spread Catholicism
• Heathenism
• Protestantism 1517

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Exploration of NA

• 1513 Ponce de Leon
• Florida
• gold The Fountain of Youth
• 1565 St. Augustine

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The Seven Cities of Gold

• Cibola
• 1528-1536 De Vaco Estevanico
• DeSoto 3yrs
• Florida SE
• Violent
• Buried in MS River

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• Coronado
• N. Mexico, AZ, NM
• 1540 Zuni
• No gold
• CO River to KS
• Buffalo

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Devastation of Indian Communities

• Mobile communities 100s of people
• Spread disease
• Later colonizers will find native settlements
  gone

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Conquistador Rule

• Demand tax labor
• Natives worked to death in the mines
• Cruel

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Indian Labor

• Gold sliver mines
• Haciendas

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Spain Indians

• 2 agendas
• Saving souls
• Exploit labor
• Restraints on abuse
• Pope ban on Indian enslavement 1537
• Las Casass Destruction of the Indies

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Colonial Govt

• Curb conquistador aggression
• Est. top-down royal govt
• Social composition
• Young men, laborers, craftsmen, soldiers
• Govt officials, priests, professionals, minor
  aristocrats

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• The New Laws 1542
• banning native slavery
• encomienda system free forced labor
• Continued abuse
• repartimiento system involuntary paid labor
• African slaves

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Plantation System

• Large farms in NA
• Tobacco sugar in West Indies
• Native labor then 1500s African slaves

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Spanish Settlement

• Pueblos
• Missions
• Prisidio
• 1598 New Mexico founded
• Cattle horses
• 1607 Santa Fe capitol of Providence

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Spanish Settlements
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Spanish Society

• 4 Classes
• Peninsulares
• Creoles
• Mestizos
• Native American African Slaves

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Southwest

• NM, TX, CA
• 1542 Spain claims CA
• 1769 missions CA
• Natives farm maintain mission
• Changes to native life
• Traditions bad
• Christian farmers now

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Impact of Native Societies on Empire

• Mestizos
• Hybrid culture
• 1531 Virgin of Guadalupe

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Black Legend

• Spains image as uniquely brutal exploitive
• Based on conquistadors Las Casas writings
• Justify other European powers to challenge Spain
  for New World control