CH 34

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CH 34 35

• Ecology

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34.1 The Biosphere is the Global Ecosystem

• Ecology study of organisms and their
  environment
• Biotic Factors living components of ecosystem
• Examples
• Abiotic Factors nonliving components of
  ecosystem
• Examples

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34.1 5 Levels of Study

• Individual Organisms
• Examples

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34.1 5 Levels of Study

• Populations group of same species living in the
  same area
• Examples

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34.1 5 Levels of Study

• Communities all of the organisms living in the
  same area
• Examples

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34.1 5 Levels of Study

• Ecosystems abiotic plus biotic factors
• Examples

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34.1 5 Levels of Study

• Biosphere sum of all ecosystems

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34.1 Patchiness

• Uneven distribution of factors creates habitats
• Habitat specific environment in which organisms
  live
• Examples
• Forests
• Marshes
• Ponds

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34.1 Key Abiotic Factors

• Sunlight
• Water
• Temperature
• Soil
• Wind
• Severe Disturbances

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34.1 Concept Check Questions

• 1. Draw a diagram showing the relationship among
  the five levels of ecological study.

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1.
Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism
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34.1 Concept Check Questions

• 2. Describe what is meant by the "patchiness" of
  the environment.

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34.1 Concept Check Questions

• 3. Explain the importance of sunlight as an
  abiotic factor in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Controls
• Temperature
• Humidity
• Photosynthesis rates
• Etc.

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34.1 Concept Check Questions

• 4. Define biotic and abiotic factors and give an
  example of each for a particular ecosystem.
• Biotic- living factor
• Grass, bacteria, squirrel, tree
• Abiotic nonliving factor
• Rock, water, air

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34.1 Concept Check Questions

• 5. Explain why it is more accurate to define the
  biosphere as the global ecosystem than as the
  global community.
• The biosphere includes abiotic as well as biotic
  features therefore the term ecosystem is more
  appropriate.

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34.2 Climate determines patterns in the
biosphere

• Suns rays produce 3 zones
• Arctic
• Temperate
• Tropic

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34.2

• Difference in temperatures produces winds adding
  to effect

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34.2

• Local Climate daily weather for a small area
  (Sycamore vs. Chicago)
• Can be different due to
• Lake Michigan
• Mississipi River
• Valley
• Microclimate differences within area
• Due to shade, buildings, above/below ground

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Concept Check 34.2

• 1. Explain how the uneven heating of Earth's
  surface creates different temperature zones.2.
  How do surface currents affect climate
  patterns?3. Why might a town located on a large
  lake be cooler in the summer than a town 100
  kilometers away from the lake?4. Give an example
  of a microclimate

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34.3

• Biome major type of terrestrial ecosystem that
  covers a large area of land

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Major Biomes

• tropical rain forest
• savanna
• desert
• chaparral
• temperate grassland
• temperate deciduous forest
• coniferous forest
• tundra

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Tropical Rainforest

• Warm temps
• Up to 350 cm of precipitation/yr
• Diverse life forms
• Tall trees
• Poor soil quality

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Savanna

• Grassland with scattered shrubs and trees
• Wet and dry seasons
• Mainly warm

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Desert

• Less than 30cm of precip/yr
• Hot days/cold nights
• Can be all cold

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Chaparral

• Along coasts
• Evergreen shrubs
• Wet winters
• hot dry summers

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Temperate Grassland

• Warm summers
• Cold winters
• Occasional fires

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Deciduous Forest

• Significant precipitation
• Trees drop leaves each year
• Warm summers, cold winters

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Coniferous Forest

• Dry and cold
• Evergreens
• Trees do NOT drop leaves
• AKA tiaga

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Tundra

• Permafrost
• Plants are low and shrubby
• Alpine or arctic
• Low light

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Concept Check 34.3

• 1. What factors determine the type of biome in an
  area?2. Compare and contrast tropical rain
  forests, temperate deciduous forests, and
  coniferous forests.3. Give an example of how a
  desert organism has adapted to the abiotic
  conditions there.

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• Climate (temperature precipitation) and
  Latitude

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34.4
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Concept Check 34.4

• 1. Describe the abiotic factors that affect
  organisms in ponds, streams, and estuaries.2.
  Compare and contrast the intertidal zone, neritic
  zone, and oceanic zone.3. Discuss sunlight as an
  abiotic factor in coral reefs and vent
  communities.