Today

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Todays Agenda

• Any Announcements?
• Any Questions?
• Today we will discuss our nations two major
  political parties, their history, their stance on
  the issues and we will then exercise the actions
  of political parties in class.
• Lets Begin Todays Lesson..

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Political Parties

• Long-Range Objective
• Standard 6.0 Individuals Groups Interactions
• 6.3 understand the evolution of political parties
  and their role as a mechanism for creating and
  sustaining political participation.

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Objectives Today

• Objective
• Examine why we have a two-party system and the
  evolution of both parties. Investigate what role
  parties play in the political process. Consider
  the differences between the Democrat and
  Republican parties.

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US Governments Two Party System

• Republicans vs Democrats

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What is a Political Party?

• Political Party (Noun) - Group of persons
  organized to acquire and exercise political
  power. (Merriam Webster Dictionary)
• What does a political party hope to accomplish?

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What Do Parties Do?

1. Provide a method for people to be involved in
   their government, through actions or
   contributions.
2. Parties nominate candidates for elections.
3. Raise support for their candidates and ideas,
   recruiting new members and providing information
   favorable to their party to potential voters.

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Other Things Parties May Do

• Inform potential voters on the problems or issues
  with the opposing party and its candidates.
  (Negative Campaigning or Mud Slinging)
• When a party is in the minority, it acts as a
  Watchdog for the public on the actions of the
  party in power.

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Why a Two Party System?

• Two Parties Emerge
• The election of 1796 was the first election in
  American history where political candidates at
  the local, state, and national level began to run
  for office as members of organized political
  parties that held strongly opposed political
  principles.

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1796 Election

• This chart depicts the electoral vote
  distribution for the election of 1796. John Adams
  (green) edged out Thomas Jefferson (yellow) for
  the Presidency, with Thomas Pinckney (purple) and
  Aaron Burr (blue) leading the runners-up.
  Jefferson's second-place earned him the Vice
  Presidency.

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The First Two Major Parties

• The two parties adopted names that reflected
  their most cherished values. The Federalists of
  1796 attached themselves to the successful
  campaign in favor of the Constitution and were
  solid supporters of the federal administration.
  The party had its strongest support among those
  who favored Hamilton's policies. Merchants,
  creditors and urban artisans who built the
  growing commercial economy of the NorthEast
  provided its most dedicated supporters and
  strongest regional support.

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The Other Party

• The opposition party adopted the name
  Democratic-Republicans, which suggested that they
  were more fully committed to extending the
  Revolution to ordinary people.
• Although it effectively reached ordinary
  citizens, its key leaders were wealthy Southern
  tobacco elites like Jefferson and Madison. While
  the Democratic-Republicans were more diverse, the
  Federalists were wealthier and carried more
  prestige, especially by association with the
  retired Washington.

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Ready For A Video???

• This Song explains it well!

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Agreed?

• The song told us about the FEDERALISTS and the
  DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS.
• Alexander Hamilton Pro-Business Federalist
  Party
• Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
  Pro-Agrarian Democratic-Republican Party

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Four Major Eras

• 1800 to 1860 Democrats won 13 of 15
  presidential elections. Lost in 1840 and 1848.
• 1860 to 1932 Republicans won 14 of 18
  presidential elections. Lost in 1884, 1892, 1912
  and 1916.
• 1932 to 1968 Democrats won 7 of 9 presidential
  elections. Lost in 1952 and 1956.
• 1968 to Present Divided Government -
  Republicans have won 7 of 12. Our text book was
  printed before President Obama went 2-0.

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Era 1 Era of the Democrats

• Thomas Jefferson was elected in 1800. The
  Federalist party lost this election and ceases to
  exist by 1816. Turn in your text book to page 128
  and follow along with the timeline.
• Democratic-Republican party dominated elections
  until the mid-1820s when they began squabbling
  among themselves, forming factions of smaller
  groups disagreeing with other groups on various
  issues.

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Federalist Party is GoneThe Whig Party fills the
Vacuum

• Andrew Jackson (1829-1837) began what history
  professors call Jacksonian Democracy.
• The Whig Party formed to oppose Jacksonian
  Democracy.
• A pattern continues The vast majority of
  Democratic party supporters lived in the South
  and the emerging West. The Whigs were
  supported by East Coast bankers, merchants,
  industrialist and owners of large southern
  plantations.
• A storm cloud is beginning to form on the
  horizon.....

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The Cloud Gets a Lot Closer!

• The 1850s witnessed a storm cloud getting larger
  and larger, more ominous and more dangerous....
• Slavery this issue caused both parties to
  fracture into different factions with various
  views on the topic of slavery. What does
  factions mean?
• In 1854, some Whigs splintered apart and became
  members of a brand new party, the Republican
  party. They ran a candidate for President in
  1856, John C. Fremont, and their second candidate
  won in 1860. Hmm... Who could that be?????

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Republican Party is the Party of Lincoln

• Lincoln's win with the the Republican party
  marked a first and last in U.S. politics. A
  newer, 'third party', grew in four years into a
  major party and won a presidential election in
  its literally infancy. That feat has never been
  replicated.

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Era 2 Era of the Republicans

• Lincoln's win in 1860 was one of major factors
  that caused the Civil War a year later. The
  Republican party would dominate presidential
  elections until 1932.
• Look at page 129. Read the paragraph containing
  the bolded word electorate and the paragraph that
  follows it.
• What does electorate mean? Sectionalism?

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1932 The Great Depression

• The Democrats grabbed the momentum back and
  dominated presidential elections from 1932 to
  1968. Franklin Roosevelt won the 1932 election.
  Our country had been suffering from the Great
  Depression since 1929. FDR promised hope. A
  large part of the electorate blamed the
  Republican party for the Great Depression,
  pointing out how big business and the banks of
  the times were failing to stay open, costing
  people their jobs and their money. This video
  explains it well.

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If you were a customer of the Savings and Loan,
who would you vote for?

• Do you think old mean Mr. Potter was portraying a
  Republican or a Democrat?
• Pivotal events, huge swings in party support.
  The Civil War. The Great Depression. 1968.
  1968?

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1968

• The year 1968 was a watershed year in American
  history a turning point for the nation and its
  people. A year of vivid colors, startling sounds,
  and searing images. A turbulent, relentless
  cascade of events that changed America forever.
  From assassinations and conflicts, pop culture
  and free love, civil rights and women's rights,
  Americans questioned traditional values and
  authority that sent shockwaves across the
  country, including in Western Pennsylvania. -
  Heinz History Center - Heinz Museum Video....

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Some key events of 1968

• The turbulent 1960s reached a boiling point in
  1968.
• In February, the Tet Offensive in Vietnam brought
  a shift in American public opinion toward the war
  and low approval ratings for the President.
• On April 4, Martin Luther King's assassination
  led to another wave of grief. Then waves of
  rioting swept America. Two months later, shortly
  after Robert Kennedy spoke to a crowd cheering
  his sweep in the California primary, an assassin
  named Sirhan Sirhan ended Kennedy's life. The
  nation was numb. - http//www.ushistory.org

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October of 1968

• Oct 18th - US Olympic Committee suspends Tommie
  Smith John Carlos for giving "black power"
  salute as a protest during victory ceremony.

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1968 Begins a New Era

• The Republicans had a comparatively smooth
  campaign, nominating Richard Nixon as their
  candidate. Nixon spoke for the "Silent Majority"
  of Americans who supported the effort in Vietnam
  and demanded law and order.
• Alabama Governor George Wallace ran on the
  American Independent Party ticket. Campaigning
  for "segregation now, segregation forever"
  Wallace appealed to many white voters in the
  South. His running mate, Curtis LeMay, suggested
  that the United States bomb Vietnam "back to the
  Stone Age."
• When the votes were tallied in November, Nixon
  cruised to an electoral vote landslide while
  winning only 43.4 percent of the popular vote.

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Some other Key 1968 Events

• Jan 21st - Vietnam War Battle of Khe Sanh - One
  of the most publicized and controversial battles
  of the war begins. Lasting 77 days, the "siege"
  of Khe Sanh saw American and South Vietnamese
  forces suffer 703 killed, 2,642 wounded, and 7
  missing. PAVN losses are not known with accuracy
  but are estimated at between 10,000-15,000 dead
  and wounded
• Feb 8th Police officers kill 3 college students
  demonstrating at SC State (Orangeburg) 30
  unarmed black man protesting at a white-only
  bowling alley shot at by policemen.

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1968 Continued

• Mar 4th - Martin Luther King Jr announces plans
  for Poor People's Campaign.
• Apr 4th - Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated in
  Memphis, Tennessee
• Apr 11th - President Johnson signs 1968 Civil
  Rights Act
• Apr 24th - Leftist students take over Columbia
  University, NYC

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1968 Continued

• May 12th - "March of Poor" under Reverend Ralph
  Abernathy reaches Washington, DC
• Jun 6 Robert Kennedy shot in California.
• Jul 23rd - Race riot in Cleveland, 11 killed
  including 3 policemen.
• Aug 25th - Arthur Ashe becomes 1st black to win
  US singles championship

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The Kiss That Shocked the South

• Star Trek - November, 1968 Captain Kirk kisses
  Uhuru.
• NBC, nervous about the reaction from their
  Southern affiliates, insisted that an alternate
  take be shot, one without the kiss. NBC
  executives finally conceded and said, "Let's go
  with the kiss."

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1968 Changed Our Nation

• Our nation's innocence was shattered by the
  events of 1968. After King was shot Over the
  course of the following week, riots broke out in
  125 cities nationwide. In many instances the
  National Guard was required to quell the
  violence. In Washington, Chicago and Baltimore,
  it took tens of thousands of regular army
  soldiers and Marines. When they were over, some
  39 people were dead, more than 2,600 injured and
  21,000 arrested. The damages were estimated at
  65m - about 385m today. - The Guardian

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Vietnam was at its height

• American Vietnam War-Related Deaths by Year
• 1956-60 9 1961 16 1962 52
• 1963 118 1964 206 1965 1,863
• 1966 6,143 1967 11,153 1968 16,592
• 1969 11,616 1970 6,081 1971 2,357
• 1972 641 1973 168 1974 178

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Our Nation Has Never Been The Same

• 1968 was the beginning our current Fourth Era of
  divided politic dominance. Obama's re-election
  may indicate that we may be witnessing a Fifth
  Era about to begin. What do you think?

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Political Parties

• Long-Range Objective
• Standard 6.0 Individuals Groups Interactions
• 6.3 understand the evolution of political parties
  and their role as a mechanism for creating and
  sustaining political participation.

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1968 Democratic Convention was in the news

• Antiwar protesters flocked to Chicago to prevent
  the inevitable Hubert Humphrey nomination, or at
  least to pressure the party into softening its
  stance on Vietnam. The incumbent, Lyndon Johnson,
  decided not to run. What does incumbent mean?
• Mayor Richard Daley ordered the Chicago police to
  take a tough stance with the demonstrators. As
  the crowds chanted "The whole world is watching,"
  the police bloodied the activists with clubs and
  released tear gas into the streets. The party
  nominated Humphrey, but the nation began to sense
  that the Democrats were a party of disorder.

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The Two Parties Now

• Democratic Party www.democrats.org
• 2012 National Platform
• http//www.democrats.org/democratic-national-platf
  orm
• Republican Party www.gop.com
• 2012 National Platform
• http//www.gop.com/2012-republican-platform_home

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Democratic Partys Beliefs

• What their website says Democrats believe that
  we're greater together than we are on our
  ownthat this country succeeds when everyone gets
  a fair shot, when everyone does their fair share,
  when everyone plays by the same rules. Our party,
  led by President Obama, is focused on building an
  economy that lastsan economy that lifts up all
  Americans.

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The GOPs Beliefs

• We believe in the power and opportunity of
  Americas free-market economy. We believe in the
  importance of sensible business regulations that
  promote confidence in our economy among
  consumers, entrepreneurs and businesses alike. We
  oppose interventionist policies that put the
  federal government in control of industry and
  allow it to pick winners and losers in the
  marketplace.

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Liberal vs Conservative

• Liberal (adjective) believing that government
  should be active in supporting social and
  political change relating to or supporting
  political liberalism
• Conservative (adjective) believing in the
  value of established and traditional practices in
  politics and society relating to or supporting
  political conservatism
• (Merriam Webster Dictionary)

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Democrats are Liberal, Republicans are
Conservative

• The Democratic party is generally viewed as the
  liberal party, supporting economic social issues
  and against moral social involvement.
• The Republican party is generally viewed as the
  conservative party, opposing economic social
  activities and supporting moral social issues.

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Videos of Candidates

• Watch these videos. Who is the Liberal and who
  is the Conservative? Do you see a Mud slinging
  ad?

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Political Ads

• Who was the liberal candidate in the 2012
  Presidential election?
• What party was he a member of?
• Who was the conservative candidate in the 2012
  Presidential election?
• What party was he a member of?
• How do these ads impact the political process?

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Where Do We Stand Today?
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Problems Envisioned by James Madison in
Federalist Paper 10

• Factions. Each party is entrenched in their
  beliefs. Neither party is willing to compromise.
  
• Our nation has pressing issues, including
• Jobs A Growing Deficit Our Safety
• Aging Populations Medical and Financial
  Needs
• Care for our Veterans Crumbling
  Infrastructure
• Failing Cities Foreign Relation Issues
  Wars

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Group Time Cardinal vs Gold

• We have four groups. The Cardinal Party. The
  Gold Party. Pool Reporters. VOTERS
• The Topic The NSA should be allowed to record
  every Americans emails, phone calls and social
  media activities to ensure we stay safe from
  Terrorism.
• Each Party has three minutes to share their view
  with the voting public.
• Pool reporters You are covering the convention.
  Take notes. You will be asked to report your
  findings of each convention and be prompted for
  commentary.
• Voters Who do you vote for and why?

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Political Parties

• Long-Range Objective
• Standard 6.0 Individuals Groups Interactions
• 6.3 understand the evolution of political parties
  and their role as a mechanism for creating and
  sustaining political participation.

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Exit Polling Questions of the Day

• Please take a piece of paper, put your name and
  period in upper right hand corner, answer the
  following questions and place it in the green
  folder
• 1) What are the two major political parties in
  our country?
• 2) Which party is viewed as Liberal?
• 3) Which party is viewed as Conservative?