HAUSSMANIZATION CITY PLANNING IN RIO de JANEIRO

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HAUSSMANIZATION CITY PLANNING IN RIO de JANEIRO

• BILLY DORN
• BRITTLEA KEITH
• KAWANSI TAYLOR
• ERIK TOWNE

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Baron Haussmann

• Was a French civic planner whose name is
  associated with the rebuilding of Paris.
• Policy of massive urban surgery
• Baron Haussmann remade the urban fabric of Paris
  between 1850-70
• model for cities anxious to meet new demands of
  traffic
• State exercises power of eminent domain
• Expropriated land (after surgery)
• May be sold to a third party
• Not original owner

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Haussmannization in Paris

• RENNOVATED PARIS
• Created a network of large avenues
• Rings of boulevards are completed
• Created long winding streets connecting districts
  on the outskirts of the city
• Converted city squares
• Converted railroad stations
• Built monuments, public facilities green spaces
  throughout Paris

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Rio de Janeiro Pre Renovation

• Old city was colonial style
• City had not changed significantly until the
  renovation in early 1900s
• Many dangerous areas were left unfixed
• Dangerous alley ways and neighborhoods
• Old city was not designed exceptionally well.
• City administrative headquarters from colonial
  setup were mixed into the slum housing
  neighborhoods.
• Colonial style city was not going to make Rio de
  Janeiro an important location to the
  international market.
• Redesign of the city was vital to make Rio de
  Janeiro competitive.

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Rio de Janeiro - Renovation

• Led by Fransico Pereira Passos, mayor of Rio de
  Janeiro from 1902 to 1906
• Had an engineering background
• Rio de Janeiro began massive city redesign
• Destroyed and replaced almost all of the colonial
  buildings and the colonial layout of the city
• Colonial buildings no longer served a significant
  purpose
• City redesign was based on European capital
  cities
• Haussmannization city planning was used
• European capital cities were prosperous on the
  international stage

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Rio de Janeiro

• Central Avenue (Avenida Rio Branco)
• Ran the length of the entire downtown city
• Buildings less than three-stories lined the
  avenue the entire length
• Brought many tourists to the city for the
  night-life scene
• Currently full of office buildings and heavy
  traffic
• Not as popular as it once was
• Cinelandia
• Square along Central Avenue
• Named after the many theatres built during the
  earlier part of the 20th century.
• Now home to museums and theatres

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Rio de Janeiro

• The city has been renovated to attract massive
  amounts of tourists
• Beach front hotels and resorts
• Popular parks throughout the city
• Large centers for business and trade

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Rio de Janeiro

• City was separated into six different districts
  with different zoning regulations
• Business Center Centro de Negocios
• Administrative Center Centro Administrativo
• Monumental Center Centro Monumental
• Financial Center Centro Banacario
• Embassy Center Bairro das Embaixadas
• Calabouco Gardens Jardins do Calabouco

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Rio de Janeiro

• Districts laid out for economic classes
• Districts along the southern coast were designed
  to please the upper class
• The middle-class was influenced to settle down in
  the districts that were first redesigned
• Poor people were left out
• of the inner city
• Had to find housing outside the city
• Shanty Towns rose in popularity

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Rio de Janeiro Problems

• Following the renovation there were many problems
  that the city faced
• Increased traffic
• High costs of living
• When the city was renovated the majority of slum
  housing was destroyed causing little living
  opportunities for the poorer community
• Poor citizens moved out of inner city and began
  to build even poorer homes on the outskirts of
  the city
• Shanty Towns
• The inner city began to fall apart as the skirts
  of the city became over run with poor people

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Impact of Renovation

• The renovation projects in Rio de Janeiro have
  increased the cities market value in the
  international market
• The city is now a common place for tourists,
  trade, and international activities
• World Youth Day 2013 will be hosted in Rio de
  Janeiro
• 2014 World Cup Final
• 2016 Olympic Games

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Haussmannization In Rio

• Haussmannization expand from Paris to Rio
• There was public buildings built in Rio in the
  second empire style
• Two of the buildings were the Biblioteca Nacional
  (1910) and the Museo Nacional de Belas Artes
• The building that stood out the most was the
  Teatro Municipal (All of this building Materials
  was imported from Europe)

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Cont.

• The Haussmannization in Rio had echoes in most
  other large Brazilian cities
• But Rio was the city that experimented the
  further especially between the 1926-30
• Haussmannization created more than just beautiful
  buildings in Brazil it helped with the
  internationalization of trade between Europe.

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DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

• What concept is city-planning in Rio based on?
• What sporting events are coming to Rio due to
  renewed interests in the city?
• What problems occurred due to renovations in Rio?