??(abacus)??????,

1
??? ?????

• 1-1 ????????
• 1-2 ??????????
• 1-3 ??????????

2
1-1 ????????

• ???3000?
• ??(abacus)??????,
• ??????????????????????
• ????,?????????????

3
????????

• ??1642?
• ?????Blaise Pascal??????????Pascaline
• ??1801?
• Joseph-Marie Jacquard???Jacquard loom
• ??????????????????
• ?????(punched card)???????????
• ??1822?
• Charles Babbage????Difference Engine
• ?????????

4
????????

• ??1844?
• Samuel Morse???????????????
• ??1889?
• Herman Hollerith?????????????????????
• ??????,?????????????,??????????????!
• Herman Hollerith???1896?????Tabulating Machine
  Company,???1924?2?14?,?????IBM (International
  Business Machines Corporation)

5
????????

• ??1912?
• ??????????(the Institute of Radio Engineers)??
• ????1963???????????(the American Institute
  Electrical Engineers)????????????????????(the
  Institute of Electrical and Electronics
  Engineers,???IEEE,??EYE triple E)

6
????????

• ??1937?
• ????(Alan Turing)??????(Turing Machine)???
• ??1938?
• ????????William Hewlett?David Packard???Palo
  Alto??????Hewlett-Packard(HP)?????,???1939?????HP,
  ??????Hewlett-Packard?Packard-Hewlett???????
• ???2002??,HP????????Compaq??

7
Turing Machine

• Alan Turing????????, ??????Enigma??

8
Turing Award

• Nobel prize in computer science
• 2004 Winners Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn
  (TCP/IPFathers of the Internet)
• Donald Knuth 1974
• Steven Cook 1982
• Ken Thompson Dannis Ritchie 1983
• ????????2000??, ??Turing Award (??????)

9
????????

• ??1939?
• John V. Atanasoff ?????Clifford
  Berry????????????????????????,??ABC(Atanasoff
  Berry Computer)
• ?????Konrad Zuse????????Z1?????????

10
????????

• ??1944?
• ?????IBM???,?????????????,??????(Mark
  I),??51??,??8??
• ??1945?
• John von Neumann?????????(stored
  program)???,?????????????????????????(1-2?????)

11
????????

• ??1946?
• ?????John. W. Mauchly?J. Presper Eckert,
  Jr.??????????(vacuum tube)?????????,??ENIAC(Electr
  onic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

12
????????

• ??1947?
• ??????????????????ACM(the Association for
  Computing Machinery)????????????????????????,?????
  ??????????????

13
????????

• ??1956?
• William Bradford Shockley?John Bardeen?Walter
  Houser Brattain????????,?????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ??1957?
• John Backus?IBM?????????Fortran????????
• ??1959?
• Honeywell????????(transistor)?????????,??Honeywell
  400,????????(?????)????

14
????????

• ??1962?
• ????????????????????????(computer science
  departments)
• ????????????????????????(1970)
• ???????????????????(1977)
• ????????1988?????????
• ???????????,??????????????,??????????????
• MIT?Steve Russell????????????,????????????????
• ??1963?
• ???????????7???(bit)???ASCII(American Standard
  Code for Information Interchange),ASCII???????????
  ????

15
????????

• ??1964?
• IBM???????????(IC,Integrated Circuit)??????IBM
  360????
• Douglas Engelbart?????(mouse),?????????,??????????
  ?????,??????????????????,????????????,????????????
  ??!

16
????????

• ??1965?
• Multics?????
• ??1966?
• ?????????????????(Turing Award)????,??????,???????
  ??
• ??1968?
• Robert Noyce?Andrew Grove?Gordon
  Moore???Intel,??????????????????????,Pentium?Celer
  on?Xeon?Itanium????????????,?????????
• ??1970?
• Dennis Ritchie?Kenneth Thompson???Unix????(????196
  5??????????Multics????)?

17
????????

• ??1971?
• Niklaus Wirth???Pascal????
• Ray Tomlinson???????email?

Vacuum tubes (???)
transistor (???)
IC (Integrated Circuit ????)
VLSI
18
????????

• ??1972?
• Dennis Ritchie???C????
• ??1975?
• ???????(PC,personal computer)??,??Altair 8800
• IBM????????????

19
????????

• ??1976?
• ???????(supercomputer)??,??Cray-1
• IBM????????????
• Steve Jobs?Steve Wozniak???????(Apple I)
• ??1977?
• Steve Jobs?Steve Wozniak?????????(Apple
  Computer),???????????????(Apple II,?1-11)
• Bill Gates?Paul Allen?????(Microsoft),????????????
  ??,?Bill Gates???????????

20
????????

• ??1978?
• Ron Rivest?Adl Shamir?Leonard Adelman??????RSA????
  ???
• Intel???????16??????8086?8088,??8088?IBM
  PC???????????(Central Processing Unit,??CPU)

21
????????????????????e.g., 143 ? 11 x 13
RSA factorization challenges
Challenge Number Prize (US) Challenge Number Prize (US)
RSA-576 10,000 RSA-896 75,000
RSA-640 20,000 RSA-1024 100,000
RSA-704 30,000 RSA-1536 150,000
RSA-768 50,000 RSA-2048 200,000
22
US10,000 RSA-576

• 18819881292060796383869723946165043980716356337941
  73827007633564229888597152346654853190606065047430
  45317388011303396716199692321205734031879550656996
  221305168759307650257059
• Solved on Dec. 3, 2003

39807508642406493739712550055038649119906436234252
6708406385189575946388957261768583317
47277214610743530253622307197304822463291469530209
7116459852171130520711256363590397527
23
US200,000 RSA-2048

• 2519590847565789349402718324004839857142928212620
  40320277771378360436620207075955562640185258807844
  06918290641249515082189298559149176184502808489120
  07284499268739280728777673597141834727026189637501
  49718246911650776133798590957000973304597488084284
  01797429100642458691817195118746121515172654632282
  21686998754918242243363725908514186546204357679842
  33871847744479207399342365848238242811981638150106
  74810451660377306056201619676256133844143603833904
  41495263443219011465754445417842402092461651572335
  07787077498171257724679629263863563732899121548314
  38167899885040445364023527381951378636564391212010
  397122822120720357

24
????????

• ??1982?
• ??(Time)?????????????
• ??1984?
• ??(Sony)????(Philips)???CD-ROM,???????????????????
  
• ??1989?
• Tim Berners-Lee???????(WWW,World Wide Web)???
• Intel???80486(??????????),??486

25
????????

• ??1990?
• WWW????,????????,WWW?????,??????????,????????????

26
????????

• ??1991?
• ???????????Linus Torvalds(?????????),??Unix??????,
  ???????????Linux(Linus Unix),?????Linux???Window
  s??,?????????
• ??1994?
• ????????????Netscape(??)??
• ????David Filo????Yahoo!????

27
????????

• ??1995?
• James Gosling????????????JAVA????
• ??1997?
• IBM????????????????????Garry Kasparov
• ???????
• ??1998?
• ????Google??,???????????????Larry Page ? Sergey
  Brin

28
????????

• ??2001?
• Windows XP??
• Home Edition?Professional????
• XP?eXPerience???,????
• ?????????????????
• Jimmy Wales??????????????,???????? (Wikipedia)
• ??2003?
• Intel Centrino????????
• ????
• ????
• ????

29
????????

• ??2004?
• Google??,??????????
• ??2005?
• Skype??
• 100????
• Google Earth
• ??2006?
• ?Google????????
• ???????????

30
1-2 ????????

• ???????(von Neumann Model)
• ??????????????(stored program)???

??????????????????
31
1-3 ??????????

• ????
• ???
• ????
• ????
• ???????
• ????
• ??????