Social Studies

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Social Studies

• Grade 7 A, B, C

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Authority Power

• People who are empowered feel that they have a
  lot of control over their lives.
• Authority gives a person the ability to make
  decisions in a particular situation
• Empowered people who are empowered feel that
  they have a lot of control over their lives.

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Authority Gives people Power!

• When people are in positions of authority, they
  have the power to affect the lives of others.
  There is a chance that people in authority might
  use their power in ways that are not fair.
• In Canada, our constitution protects us from
  being harmed this way. A constitution is a set of
  _________ that governments must follow.

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Legal milestones in growing up

• As you get older, the law will give you the
  authority to have more and more power over your
  own life. The important thing to remember is that
  having power also means having the responsibility
  to use it wisely.

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Personal Empowerment

• Personal Empowerment comes from having the
  ability to do something about your needs, wants,
  opinions, beliefs, and feelings. There are
  different ways to get this sense of empowerment.
• What are some ways you can gain personal
  empowerment in your own life?

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Personal Empowerment

• Learn all you can use school to your advantage
• Know your rights Responsibilities
• Be proud of your heritage
• Make friends
• Know where to go for help
• Get a job Money life experience
• Volunteer
• Know where to go for help

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Review

• Economic Empowerment
• Political Empowerment
• Cultural Empowerment
• Societal Empowerment
• National Empowerment

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Economic Empowerment

• Economics is the study of how people work to
  create wealth
• It includes how we produce, distribute, and
  consume goods and services.
• Economic empowerment comes from having enough
  wealth to take care of your needs
• In Canada wealth is distributed through a system
  where people work to earn money

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Economic Empowerment continued

• In this system people with less money may have
  fewer choices when it comes to needs such as
  food, shelter, clothing, and education.

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(No Transcript)
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Political Empowerment

• Politics is a general term for all the things we
  do to organize ourselves, settle disagreements,
  and make decisions in our schools, communities,
  and countries.
• Political empowerment comes from having a say in
  how things are organized and how decisions are
  made

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Political Empowerment continued

• To become politically empowered in any situation,
  you need to learn as much as you can about the
  issues, think for yourself about what you
  consider to be the best decision, and work to
  convince others to do what you think in right.
• How do we do this (make important decisions) in
  Canada?

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Cultural Empowerment

• Culture is a way of life. It includes things such
  as language, food, clothing, as well such as
  important ideas such as spiritual beliefs.
• Canada has many different cultures. Canada is a
  multicultural country.

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Cultural Empowerment continued

• For a culture to stay strong, people need to
  remember their history, teach their language, and
  traditions to their children.
• One way to become culturally empowered is to stay
  active in your culture and learn all you can.

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Societal Empowerment

• Society involves everything people do when they
  live, work, and play together in communities.
• Societal empowerment comes from all members of
  society being treated fairly and equally.

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Societal empowerment continued

• There are often groups in society with more
  power. This might happen because the group is
  larger or wealthier.
• Therefore it is important for people in authority
  to use their power wisely.
• Also important for individuals to speak up if
  they think something is unfair.

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National Empowerment

• Nation is another word for country. National
  empowerment comes from a nation having the power
  to make decisions for itself.
• There are many important decisions that nations
  need to be able to make without other nations
  telling them what to do

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National Empowerment

• Nations must be able to decide what to do with
  its natural resources.
• If there are conflicts in the world each nation
  must be able to decide for itself whether or not
  to go to war.
• Nations must use their power in responsible ways.

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National Empowerment

• How can days like Canada day encourage national
  empowerment?

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Living with Disempowerment
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Disempowerment

• Who were the Home Children

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Unit 2 -Distribution of WealthEconomic
Empowerment
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What will you learn in this unit?

• You will learn how economic systems work.
• You will learn how first nationals and Inuit
  economics worked in Canada.
• You will learn about the economic opportunities
  that attracted Europeans to North America.

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In this unit, you will

• Examine economies in the past (First Nations,
  Inuit, European Settlers)
• Investigate the issues of economic security and
  poverty
• Identify trends in economics that could affect
  your future (Story of Stuff YouTube video)

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What will you learn in this unit?

• How the Canadian economy has changed over time.
• You can use what youve learned in this unit to
  make plans for your own economic future.

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Economic empowerment

• Economic empowerment means having enough money to
  meet your needs and a little extra for special
  things you want.
• Another term for economic empowerment is economic
  security.

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The purpose of an economic system is to answer 3
questions

• What goods and services do people want and need?
• How can we produce theses goods and services?
• How will we distribute them?

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The 3 Types of Economies

• 1) Pre-Industrial Economy consisted of food and
  handmade goods
• 2) Industrial Economies an economy that uses
  manufacturing technologies.
• 3) Post-Industrial Economy Information services
  (phones, computers, etc) and manufactured goods

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Pre-Industrial Economy

• Food Handmade Goods
• Simple tools operated by human, wind, water or
  animal power
• Family farms or hunting groups
• Sharing, trading, or buying and selling

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Industrial Economy

• The first industrial economy started in Europe.
  Industry is now part of economies in most regions
  of the world.
• Manufactured goods and natural resources such as
  minerals

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Industrial Economy continued

• Mostly buying and selling
• Big factories
• Mechanical tools such as steam and gas engines

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Post-Industrial Economy

• Information services and manufactured goods
• Big and small companies
• Computers and the internet
• Mostly buying and selling

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Economies of the First Nations and Inuit
Economies

• Time immemorial - for as long as anyone can
  remember from the stories passed on by elders.
• Economies of the First Nations and Inuit
  Economies depend on the natural resources
  available in the region.

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Terms

• Aboriginal- "living in a land from earliest
  times" in other words the first people of a
  region.
• Maritimes the region of land with the provinces
  of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward
  Island
• Atlantic Canada Includes all maritime provinces
  plus Newfoundland and Labrador

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Three Groups of Aboriginal People in Canada

• The Inuit mostly in Quebec and Labrador, (where
  the climate is too cold for trees to grow)
• First Nations First peoples of the rest of the
  land that is now Canada includes Mikmaq,
  Maliseet, Passamaquoddy, and Innu
• Metis The children of either Inuit or First
  Nations women and European Traders.

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Beliefs

• All Inuit and First Nations societies have
  similar beliefs about the use of land and natural
  resources. They believe
• 1. people and nature are not separate
• 2. people are part of a natural system that
  includes all of nature

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Beliefs Continued

• The land is seen as the source of life, and must
  be used wisely to ensure survival for future
  generations.
• Respect and prayer is used to show give thanks
  for the resources.

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• In most First Nation and Inuit communities they
  had things that were very different from today,
  for Example
• 1)everyone helped with the production, and
  everyone shared equally in what was produced.
• 2) First Nations and Inuits did not have Private
  Ownership- No individual had control over nay
  land.

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NewcomersEuropeans arrive c1500

• Europeans left their homelands because
• 1. wanted to own more land
• 2. to spread their religion
• 3. for individual economic opportunities

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Fish

• The first resource to attract Europeans to North
  America was fish. Fist was an important part of
  the European diet.
• Most Europeans consumed a lot of fish because of
  their religious beliefs. They could only eat fish
  and not meat on specific holidays.

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Furs

• Europeans quickly learned about the quality of
  furs in North America. In particular, beaver
  pelts were in great demand in Europe for making
  hats.
• Europeans traded goods such as blankets and
  firearms for furs trapped by First Nation Hunters

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The Impact of their arrival (contact)

• Both groups realized they could benefit from each
  other Europeans interested in furs, and First
  Nations were interested in metal knives and pots.
  This was the beginning of the fur trade.

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Contact in the Maritimes

• There were some conflicts between First Nations
  and Europeans from the beginning. They made
  treaties to help them get along in the future
• Treaty an agreement between two or more nations
  to settle issues.

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Treaties

• Between 1717-1779 many treaties were signed. They
  were called the Covenant Chain of Treaties or The
  Treaties of Peace and Friendship

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Results of the Treaties

• 1) First Nations agreed to act peacefully to
  British
• 2) British agreed to respect First Nations
  rights.
• 3) First Nations did not agree to give up land or
  Natural resources to Britain.
• 4) These treaties are still in force today.

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Effects of The Fur Trade

• First Nations economies changed because of the
  fur trade.
• They now started to hunt for more furs to trade
  for the goods they wanted.
• The animal population was becoming to low for
  people to get what they needed

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Effects of European Settlement

• Large numbers of newcomers began arriving, First
  Nations did not see it as a big problem, at
  first. They were used to sharing the land.
  However
• European private ownership was something new to
  them, and did not mix well with their traditional
  economies

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Effects of European Settlement

• Forest were being cut down
• Fewer good hunting areas due to developments
• Europeans taking over land near waterways that
  provided important food sources.

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The Effects of Europeans

• Europeans were not sharing the land, they were
  taking more of it for themselves.
• Many Europeans felt their economic, political,
  and cultural ideas were superior to First Nation
  ideas
• None of this is what the First Nations had
  expected when they agreed to the treaties.

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Chapter 3 Economic Security

• Capitalism a society where goods and services
  are distributed through buying and selling. Also,
  individuals can become as wealthy as they can.

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Basic idea of Capitalistic Economies

• 1) Goods and services people need and want are
  produced by private companies to make a profit
  for that company.
• 2) People usually buy what they want and need
  with wages they receive from working for or
  owning companies

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Comparing Socialism and Capitalism

• Socialism - A society where the government should
  own and control major industries.

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Capitalism

• Individual freedom is highly valued
• Production of good and services is in the hands
  of individuals
• Whether not people can meet their needs depends
  on their wealth
• Competition is important to help create wealth
  and improve society

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Socialism

• What is best fir the group is more important than
  individual freedom
• Production of Good and Services is with
  Government
• Every person should receive enough to meet their
  needs
• Co-operation is important to help create wealth
  and improve society

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Is the issue black white?

• Few countries are entirely capitalist or
  socialist, for example Canada is based on
  Capitalism, but offers some government programs
  to those in need

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Important Terms

• Capital the money and other things invested in
  or "put into" a company to start it up and keep
  it running.
• Profit is the money the business makes after
  being repaid for the investment and paying
  expenses.
• Entrepreneur is a person who gets an idea to
  start up a business.

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Understanding Poverty

• Poverty when the cost of meeting its basic
  needs is higher than its income.
• Standard of living is a measure of how much
  buying power a family has.

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Understanding Poverty

• Economic Security when your income is more than
  the cost of your basic needs.
• Quality of Life all the other things we need
  and want that money can't buy.

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Economic Security

• When part of an economic system changes it can
  cause major changes positive or negative
• Positive new business can bring economic
  growth, jobs etc.
• Negative if a business shuts down people lose
  jobs, this can cause a.. (See next slide)

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Poverty Cycle

• Poverty Cycle when the same events keep
  happening over again, with the same results. Once
  you have reached the point where you dont have
  enough income to meet your needs, its hard to get
  what you need to improve your way of life.

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Poverty Cycle Examples

• People living with poverty often have health
  issues, and have trouble finding meaningful
  employment.
• People dont have cars to travel to work or to
  search for new work.

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Building Personal Capital

• Personal Capital includes anything you have
  that can help you improve your economic
  situation.
• Examples of personal Capital savings, property,
  skills, or materials

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Economic Security

• Down payment paying a portion of the cost of
  something like a house when purchasing it up
  front.
• Mortgage The money borrowed to purchase gig
  items like a house.

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Aspects of a mortgage

• The family owns part and the bank owns part.
• each month the family makes payments
• As each payment is made, they own more of the
  house
• At a certain point of time (ex. 20, 25, or 30
  years) the mortgage expires and you now own the
  house.

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Chapter 4 - Preparing the Future

• You should knowWhat are the 4 types of
  employment sectors, and be able to explain them.

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Kinds of Jobs

• Economists categorize the kinds of work people do
  into groups. These groups are called sectors.
• There are four main economic sectors Primary
  Sector, Secondary Sector, Tertiary Sector, and
  Quaternary Sector

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Primary Sector

• Work in this sector involves harvesting or
  extracting natural resources.
• Examples of this sector include farming, fishing,
  forestry, and mining.
• This kind of work formed the base of economies in
  all societies for thousands of years.

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Secondary Sector

• Work in this sector is mostly construction or
  manufacturing. Construction involves building
  things such as homes, office towers, and bridges.
  
• In manufacturing, raw materials are turned into
  useful products.

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Tertiary Sector

• People working in this sector provide services to
  others. Examples include salespeople, bus
  drivers, medical professionals, actors, teachers,
  and government workers.

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Quaternary Sector

• The most recent economic sector to develop
  involves working with ideas and information.
• One kind of job in this sector is work in
  laboratories to research new ideas and create new
  products.
• Examples include computer programmers, systems
  analysts, and computer operators.

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What is a diversified economy ?

• An economic system that has a good balance of
  jobs in all sectors.
• Why might having a diversified economy be a good
  thing? What might happen to an economy is there
  is only one economic system and that system shuts
  down?

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What is meant by a Global Economy?
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What are the 4 types of economies?
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What is meant by forecasting? Why is it used in
Economics
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Social Trends, Forecasting Demographics