09/14/12

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09/14/12 Cell Study Guide P. 49

• Sponge P. 96-98 1. Explain what happens during
  the cell cycle.
• During the cell cycle a cell grows, prepares for
  division, and divides into two daughter cells.
• 2. Explain the difference between interphase and
  cytokinesis.
• During interphase the cell grows and copies DNA,
  while during cytokinesis the cell divides into
  two new cells.

2
Cell Review

• 1. osmosis-diffusion of water.
• 2. diffusion-movement of a substance from high to
  low concentration.
• 3. semi-permeable membrane- allows certain
  substances to pass through the cell membrane.
• 4. photosynthesis-plants make food from sunlight.
• 5. cellular respiration-cell makes energy, ATP.
• 6. endocytosis-uses energy to move things into
  the cell.
• 7. exocytosis-uses energy to move things out of
  the cell

3
Cell Review

• 8. prokaryotic-A cell without a nucleus.
• 9. eukaryotic-A cell with a nucleus.
• 10. homeostasis-balance of internal environment.
• 11. similarities- they both move substances from
  high to low concentration.
• Differences-osmosis is the diffusion of only
  water.
• 12. Active transport uses energy to move
  substances, passive does not.
• 13. chloroplast, foodsugar, oxygen
• 14. mitochondria, energyATP, carbon dioxide
• 15. large vacuole, chloroplast, cell wall

4
Cell Review

• 16. ask a question, hypothesis, experiment,
  analyze data, draw conclusion, share results
• 17. lightning and run
• 18. OGRRs, Organized structure, growth
  development, reproduction, and response to
  surroundings
• 19. WAFLS, water, air, food, living space, and
  shelter
• 20. cellbacteria, tissuesmuscle, organbrain,
  organ systemnervous system, organismme

5
Cell Review
Organelle Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic Animal or Plant
Cell Wall Both Plant
Chloroplast Eukaryotic Plant
Cytoplasm Both Both
Mitochondria Eukaryotic Both
Nucleus Eukaryotic Both
Ribosome Both Both
Lysosome Eukaryotic Both
Vacuole Eukaryotic Both
Golgi Bodies Eukaryotic Both
Endoplasmic Reticulum Eukaryotic Both
Cell Membrane Both Both
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Cell Review

• Cell wall-structure and support
• chloroplastfood from sunlight
• Cytoplasm-fills out the cell
• Mitochondria-makes energy, ATP
• Nucleus-controls the cell
• Ribosome-make proteins
• Lysosome-food grinder
• Vacuole-stores food, water, waste
• Golgi bodies-sends proteins throughout the cell.
• Endoplasmic reticulum-transports proteins
• Cell membrane-controls what goes in and out of
  the cell.

7
Cell Test Essay Questions

• 5 Points How is the function of the cell
  membrane and cytoplasm involved in maintaining an
  organized structure?
• 10 Points How is the function of the
  mitochondria, lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum,
  ribosome, vacuole, and chloroplast involved in
  maintaining growth and development?
• 5 Points How is the function of DNA involved in
  maintaining reproduction?
• 5 Points How is the function of the nucleus and
  cell membrane involved in maintaining a response
  to surroundings?

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03/30/12 Cell City pg 229

• Sponge P. 64 65 1. Why do plant cells have a
  cell wall and chloroplast and animal cells do
  not?
• They have a cell wall and chloroplast because
  they cant move to escape the weather and find
  food.
• 2. Why is the vacuole of a plant cell so much
  larger than an animal cell?
• Plant cells have to store water because they
  cant go find water.

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Cell City

1. Cell theory
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Cell membrane
4. Organelles
5. DNA
6. Nucleus
7. Mitochondria
8. Ribosomes
9. Cells
10. chloroplast
11. cytoplasm
12. cell wall
13. Proteins
14. vacuoles

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Cell City

1. Uses materials to put things together
2. Moves things around the city
3. Makes energy to run the city
4. Makes food for the people
5. Recycles the cities waste
6. Tells the rest of the city how to function
7. Stores food water and waste
8. Controls what goes in and out of the city

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Cell City

1. Ribosomes
2. Endoplasmic reticulum
3. Mitochondria
4. Chloroplast
5. Lysosome
6. Nucleus
7. Vacuoles
8. Cell membrane or cell wall

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04/09/12 Gummy Bear Lab pg 231

• Sponge 1. How are the doors and windows of a
  classroom similar to a cell membrane?
• A cell membrane controls what goes in and out of
  cell like the doors and windows controls what
  comes in and out of the classroom.
• 2. If more of a needed material is outside a cell
  than inside a cell, which direction will the
  substance move? Why?
• It will move inside the cell because it will move
  from high to low concentration.

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Gummy Bear Hypothesis

• If we put a gummy bear in water over night it
  will get bigger or smaller because like a cell it
  is semi-permeable and will allow water to move
  into the cell during a process called osmosis.
  Osmosis is like diffusion, which occurs when a
  substance moves from an area of high
  concentration to an area of low concentration.

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04/10/12 Gummy Bear Lab 2 pg 233

• Sponge P. 84 1. Would driving a car be a form
  of passive or active transport? Explain.
• Active transport, because driving a car requires
  energy.
• 2. Would flying a glider be a form of passive or
  active transport? Explain.
• Passive transport, because it doesnt require
  energy.

15
Cells Vocabulary Levels of Organization (glue
to pg. 20)

• Take five minutes to read over Life under the
  Microscope and then find the correct term for
  the definitions on the inside of your sheet.
  Remember to use good reading strategies as you
  read!

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Level 1 Cells

• Smallest working unit of living things.
• May serve a specific function/job within an
  organism, or may live alone (unicellular).
• Ex bone cells, cartilage cells, red blood cells.

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Level 2 Tissues(No, not THAT kind of tissue!)

• Made up of cells that are similar in
  structure/function that work together to perform
  a specific function or job.
• Ex Humans have FOUR basic tissues connective
  (fat, cartilage, bone, blood) epithelial (skin),
  nervous and muscular

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Level 3 Organs

• Made of tissues that work together to perform a
  specific activity.
• Ex lungs, heart, stomach, brain.
• What other organs can you think of?

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Level 4 Organ Systems

• Groups of one or more organs working together to
  perform specific functions for the organism.
• Our human body has 11 organ systems. Can you
  name them?

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Level 5 Organism

• Entire living things that carry out all basic
  life functions.
• Meaning they are made of cells, share similar
  chemicals, can take in and use energy, grow and
  develop, reproduce, and sense and respond to
  changes in their surroundings. Theyre ALIVE!

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Organisms are usually made up of many cells but
some organisms can be made up of only one cell
such as bacteria.
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• Squirrel of Organization
• In each circle, draw a colorful representative
  picture to match that specific level. For
  example, in the circle labeled cell, draw a
  picture of a specific type of cell you might find
  in a squirrel.

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8/23/11 Cell Structure Function pg 19
Objective To determine the structure and
function of cell organelles. Bell work List in
order the levels of organization and provide an
example of each.
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Cell Organelle Graphic Organizer glue to pg 20

• The cell theory tells us that
• All living things are made up of cells
• Cells are the smallest working units of all
  living things
• All cells come from pre-existing cells through
  cell division

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What is a Cell?

• Cell the smallest unit that is capable of
  performing life functions.

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Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus
Plant Stem
Bacteria
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
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Prokaryotic

• Do not have organelles with membranes
• Simple one-celled organisms - Bacteria ONLY!
• I like to say PRO? NO! (NO nucleus, NO
  organelles)

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Eukaryotic

• Contain organelles surrounded by membranes
• Complex organisms - most living things
• For this, I like to say EU? TRUE! (TRUE
  nucleus, TRUE organelles)

Plant
Animal
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Lets Compare
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Make your own analogy!

• For each organelle on the following slides, think
  of a picture analogy that will help you to
  remember the organelle and what it does! You
  will draw this in the last column of your
  organizer.
• The first one is already done for you!

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Cell Membrane

• All Prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells
• Structure
• Located on outside of cell.
• Made of phospholipid bilayer phosphates and
  lipids (fats)
• Function
• - Determines what goes in/out of cell
• - Protects and supports cell

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Cytoplasm

• All Prokaryotic Eukaryotic cells
• Structure
• Jelly-like material found inside cell membrane
• Function
• Supports and protects cells organelles. Contains
  some nutrients for cell.

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Nucleus/Nucleolus/DNA

• Nucleus ONLY in Eukaryotes (Free-floating DNA in
  Prokaryotes)
• Structure
• Has a nuclear membrane to allow materials in and
  out
• Contains genetic material DNA (chromosomes)
  which contain instructions for traits
• Contains dark central ball called the nucleolus
  (makes ribosomes)
• Function Directs cell activities.

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Ribosomes

• All Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure
• Not bound by a membrane
• Cell contains thousands.
• - Found on endoplasmic reticulum freely
  floating throughout cell
• Function Make protein

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Mitochondria

• Eukaryotic cells only
• Structure
• Rod shaped and found throughout cell
• Function
• - Powerhouse of cell
• - Produces energy from sugar through chemical
  reactions (Cellular Respiration)

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Chloroplast

• Eukaryotic PLANT cells only
• Structure
• - Found in plant cells
• - Contains green chlorophyll
• Function
• Photosynthesis uses sunlight to make sugar for
  plant

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Golgi Bodies/Complex/Apparatus

• All Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure Made of 5-8 sacs
• Function
• - Processes and packages proteins lipids
• - Move materials within the cell and out of the
  cell in small sac called vesicle

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

• All Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure
• - Series of tubes and sacs
• - Smooth without ribosomes
• - Rough with ribosomes
• Function Transports proteins and breaks down
  drugs in the cell

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Lysosome

• All Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure
• Vesicle built by the Golgi bodies
• Function
• - Digests excess or worn out organelles, food
  particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.
• - Disposal of the cell

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Vacuole

• All Eukaryotic Cells
• Structure
• Large few (plant cell)
• Small many (animal cell)
• - Contains water
• Function
• - Help plants maintain shape
• - Storage, digestion, waste removal

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Cell Wall

• All Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic PLANT cells
  only
• Structure
• Rigid wall found only in plant cells bacteria
  cells
• Function
• Supports protects cells

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How many can you remember?
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Left Side Homework

• Write the following directions in your own words
• Pick your favorite organelle from our lesson
  today, and draw that organelle as a superhero
  comic book character performing its job.
• Creativity, coloring, and the job it performs
  will all be factors in your grade!

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8/24/11 Bacteria, Plant and Animal Cells pg 21

• Objective To identify the locations of
  prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell organelles.
• Bell work Why is the location of the nucleus
  important to the function of the cell?

49
Glue Cells Sheet to pg 22Now, lets look at the
Bacteria Cell

• Color the key (the squares) of the bacteria cell
  sheet using the color coding provided.
• 1. Cell Membrane - purple
• 2. Cytoplasm - white
• 3. DNA free-floating in Bacteria Cells (no
  nucleus) orange
• 4. Ribosome - black
• 5. Cell Wall light green

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For both the Plant Animal Cells

• Color the key (the squares) of BOTH the plant and
  animal cells using the color coding provided.
• 1. Cell Membrane - purple
• 2. Cytoplasm - white
• Nucleus (including Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus
  and Chromosomes/DNA (4/5) are not shown but are
  still present in plant cells orange
• 6. Ribosome - black
• 7. Mitochondria - red
• 8. Vacuole light blue
• 9. Golgi Body - yellow
• 10. Endoplasmic Reticulum - dark blue
• 11. Lysosome - pink
• Unique to Plant Cells
• 12. Chloroplast dark green
• 13. Cell Wall light green

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Homework for Tonight

• Color the cells according to the keys provided.
  You MAY NOT use colors other than those you were
  given today. Make sure to review your organelles.

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8/26/11 The Microscope pg 23

• Objective To identify the structures and
  functions of the microscope and how to use it.
• Bell work What happens to an image when it is
  seen through a microscope?

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History of the Microscope

• 1000 A.D - First use of lenses to view images of
  Greek Roman writings
• 1590 Dutch lens makers Hans Zacharias Janssen
  make the first microscope by placing two lenses
  in a tube
• 1665 - Robert Hooke is first to describe and coin
  the phrase "cell" when observing a slice of cork
  using a microscope power of 30X
• 1675 Anton van Leeuwenhoek father of
  microscopy uses a simple microscope with one
  lens and is the first to describe bacteria

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• Label both the diagram and the function
• Body Tube - Hollow tube that may hold lenses or
  mirrors.
• Nosepiece - Holds the objective lenses rotates
  to use different lenses.
• Middle Objective - Objective with power of 10x
• Low Objective - Objective with power of 4x
  (Smallest objective)
• High Objective - Objective with power of 40x
  (Longest objective)
• Stage Clips - Holds the slide in place
• Iris Diaphragm - Controls how much light shines
  through
• Lamp - Provides the light that shines through the
  slide
• Eyepiece - The part you look through - also has a
  10x lens in it
• Arm - Supports the body tube and makes a good
  handle for carrying the microscope
• Stage - The place where you set the slide
• Coarse Adjustment Knob - Used for finding stuff
  under low power, moves the stage up and down, too
• Fine Adjustment Knob - Used for high-power
  focusing
• Base - Supports the weight of the microscope

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• How should you ALWAYS carry a microscope?
• Tucked in like a football with one hand under
  the base and one around the arm.
• Eyepiece Magnification
  Objective Magnification
• Total Magnification (10x) X
  ( on Objective lens)
• Find the Total Magnification for the following
  objective lenses
• objective 4x
• 4X1040 times!
• objective 10x
• 10X10100 times!
• objective 40x
• 40X10400 times!

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Microscope Review

1. Body Tube
2. Nosepiece
3. Middle Objective
4. Low Objective
5. High Objective
6. Stage Clips
7. Iris Diaphragm
8. Lamp
9. Eyepiece
10. Arm
11. Stage
12. Coarse Adjustment Knob
13. Fine Adjustment Knob
14. Base

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Microscope E Lab

• Objective To demonstrate proper use of the
  microscope.
• Heres what a letter e from a newspaper might
  look like on a prepared slide. Use this image to
  help you answer the following questions.
• Write a Hypothesis on your paper about what you
  think will happen once you look at the letter e
  through the microscope
• We know that microscopes will make images appear
  larger. What else do you think will happen to
  the image of the letter e when looked at
  through the microscope?

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• Data and Conclusions
• Using the COARSE adjustment knob with the
  microscope on LOW power, raise the stage until
  the e can be seen clearly. Draw what you see
  below in the LOW POWER circle. Change the
  nosepiece to MED/HIGH Power - youll notice the
  e is out of focus. DO NOT TOUCH the Coarse
  Adjustment knob, instead use the FINE adjustment
  knob to sharpen your picture. Draw what you see
  in the MED/HIGH power circle.
• Compare what you see through the eyepiece and the
  e that you see on the stage. Dont say it looks
  biggerlook closely! What happened? Why do you
  think this happened?
• Looking through the EYEPIECE, move the slide to
  the upper right area of the stage. What
  direction does the image move through the
  eyepiece?
• How does the ink appear under the microscope
  compared to normal view?
• Why do you think a specimen placed under the
  microscope has to be thin?
• Was your hypothesis from above supported? Why or
  why not?
• How does the letter e as seen through the
  microscope differ from the way an e normally
  appears?

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9/19/11 Cellular Exchange Page 47

• Sponge P. 96100 1. Explain what happens during
  the cell cycle.
• A cell grows, prepares for division, and divides
  into two new daughter cells.
• 2. Explain the difference between interphase and
  cytokinesis.
• During interphase, the cell grows and makes
  copies of its DNA. During cytokinesis the
  cytoplasm divides and the organelles are
  distributed into two new cells.

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Cellular Transport Foldable

• Fold your paper in half, then half again, then
  half again like me!
• Open it up. You should have 8 equal-sized
  squares. Fold the doors into the center, so
  that your paper looks like a window with closed
  shutters. Cut the shutters so that you have
  four total doors.

1
2
3
4
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Cellular Transport Foldable

• On the front of each door, write the following
  processes
• DOOR 1 Osmosis
• DOOR 2 Diffusion
• DOOR 3 Transport Protein
• DOOR 4 Transport by Engulfing
• Behind each door, correctly describe and
  illustrate the process. Use the textbook pages
  80-85 to help you. Worth 100 points and to be
  TURNED IN tomorrow! Glue them to page 42.

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Osmosis Diffusion Lab

• Tomorrow in class you will be participating in a
  mini-lab. Today, we are going to begin the lab
  with the following set-up
• Procedure
• 1. Fill two beakers ¾ full with water.
• 2. Add salt and stir one beaker until no more
  salt will dissolve. There will be some salt left
  on the bottom of the beaker.
• 3. Label the beakers with fresh or salt
  water.
• 4. Weigh and record the initial weight of a stalk
  of celery, a piece of carrot, 2 grapes and 3
  raisins and place in each beaker.
• 5. They will soak in the solutions overnight and
  well measure them again tomorrow.

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Exit Ticket Lab page 25

• What will happen to the carrots, celery, grapes
  raisins in fresh water? What about in the salt
  water? Do you expect all of the foods to act the
  same way? Explain your answers.

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9/8/10 Diffusion and Osmosis LabPage 27

• Objective To understand how cells transport
  materials
• Bell work Draw or write an analogy for Active
  and Passive Transport using a bicycle and a hill.

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Cells The Building Blocks of Life Movie

• Watch the movie segment and answer the questions
  about cellular processes.

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Diffusion and Osmosis LabPage 28
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Procedure

• Using the balance, find and record the mass of
  each of your vegetables for both the salt water
  and the fresh water to the nearest tenth of a
  gram.
• Record the data in the tables provided.

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Exit Ticket page 27

• Using the graph paper provided, create two BAR
  graphs one for all salt water produce and one
  for all fresh water produce. Each produce item
  should have two bars comparing initial and final
  weight! Please color your bar graph and also
  answer any questions on your handout from todays
  lab!

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9/9/10 Ecosphere Mystery! Page 29

• Objective Explain what happens during the
  process of photosynthesis and respiration Bell
  work There is no need to add the nutrients
  necessary for life. How do the shrimp and algae
  survive?

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Graphic Organizer

• Use the following words to fill in the organizer
• Glucose(2) carbon dioxide(2) oxygen(2)
• Water(2) photosynthesis sugar
• Sunlight mitochondria chloroplast
• Energy ATP cellular respiration

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• Photosynthesis occurs inside the chloroplast of
  the PLANT cell. It uses the carbon dioxide and
  water given off by animals along with sunlight to
  create sugar (also known as glucose) for food as
  well as oxygen as waste.

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• Cellular Respiration occurs inside the
  mitochondria of the ANIMAL and PLANT cells. It
  uses the Oxygen and Glucose made by PLANTS to
  create Energy (ATP) for daily cell processes and
  also creates Carbon Dioxide and Water as waste.

Its a Cycle!...
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The Cycle of Life

• What is the equation for photosynthesis?
• H2O CO2 sunlight gt C6H12O6 O2
• What is the equation for cellular respiration?
• C6H12O6 O2 gt H2O CO2 ENERGY (ATP)
• Theyre backwards of one another!!!

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Is there life on other planets?

• You are a crew-member on a space ship that is on
  an exploration mission searching for life on
  other planets. The commander of the ship has sent
  you and three of your crewmates to the surface of
  a newly discovered planet. Your mission is to
  solve a mystery. You must find out what gas the
  other life forms exhale. Your only clue is a CD
  video clip of one of the other life forms
  exhaling through a straw into a clear container
  labeled bromothymol blue. At the beginning of
  the video clip the solution inside the
  bromothymol blue container is yellow however,
  after the other life form exhales into the
  container for a period of time the bromothymol
  blue solution turns from yellow to blue.
• The atmosphere of this new planet is 21 oxygen
  and does not contain any known toxins so your
  commander sends you to the surface without a
  space suit. You and your team are equipped with a
  solution of bromothymol blue, safety glasses
  (four pairs), a clear container, a straw and a
  plastic bag containing water and a sprig of an
  aquatic plant. Each member of your team has been
  assigned one of the following roles
  documentation officer, timekeeper, peacekeeper,
  or materials manager. You have 25 minutes from
  the time of your arrival on the new planet to
  solve the mystery and ready yourself to return to
  your ship.

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How do we do this?

• Here are some questions to ask yourself as you
  work
• 1. What color does the bromothymol blue solution
  turn in the presence of carbonate water?
• 2. What color does the bromothymol blue solution
  turn after you exhale into it for approximately
  two minutes?
• 3. What do you think would happen if you put the
  aquatic plant into the bromothymol blue solution?
• 4. What gas (or gases) can bromothymol blue serve
  as an indicator for?

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Need more help?

• 5. What gas do you exhale?
• 6. What gas do plants give off?
• 7. How long (in seconds) did you have to exhale
  into the bromothymol blue solution to elicit a
  color change?

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Is there life on other planets?

• What type of gas does the alien life form
  breathe?
• How do you know? Explain, using evidence from
  your experiment.

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9/10/10 Youre an Organelle! Page 31

• Objective Demonstrate knowledge of cell
  functions by performing a play in which you act
  as an organelle and work together to complete
  basic cell functions.
• BW  What did the alien from yesterdays lab
  breathe in?  Out?  How do we know?

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Youre an organelle!

• Task 1 (You will have 15-20 minutes to complete
  this.)
• You will be assigned an organelle that you will
  pick out of a basket.
• Using your textbook (pages 60-67), write a
  sentence answering each of the following
  questions on your notes page. Be sure you
  understand your job as you will have to act the
  part!
• What is my job in the cell?
• What do I look like?
• Where in the cell would you find me?
• On your construction paper, write the name of
  your organelle and draw a large picture of it.
  Carefully add your string and wear it!

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Youre an organelle!

• The Plot (acting out the play 10-15 minutes)
• We are now going to perform the roles of the
  individual organelles.
• In our play so far, what organelle is missing and
  what is its job?
• IM THE NUCLEUS and I direct the cells
  activities!!
• Scenario First well make FOOD inside the plant
  cell, and then when an animal eats the plant,
  well use that food to make ENERGY or ATP during
  cellular respiration! Then well use that energy
  to make protein!

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Youre an organelle!

• Mini-Lesson
• Why is the location of the organelle within the
  cell important?

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Exit Tickets

• 1) Compare the process of photosynthesis to the
  process of baking a cake.
• What organelle uses the food made during
  photosynthesis to produce energy?
• Describe the relationship between the nucleus,
  endoplasmic reticulum and the ribosomes.