Lesson 14.4a: The Abolition Movement

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Lesson 14.4a The Abolition Movement
Today we will identify major leaders of the
abolition movement and their viewpoints.
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14.4 Essential Question

• In what ways did the spread of democracy lead to
  calls for freedom for slaves, and more rights for
  women?

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Todays Vocabulary

• identify point out or describe
• major big or important
• abolition movement organized effort to end
  slavery
• viewpoint how someone sees or thinks about
  something

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Before the early 1830s, slavery was discussed
calmly.
Since slavery was banned in the North, most of
the early abolitionists were southerners.
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The first abolitionists were Quakers, who
believed that all people had the same spark of
divinity,' making slavery immoral.
Quakers were among the first to free their
slaves. Some Quakers traveled the countryside
urging slave-owners to free their slaves.
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But because of the increasing profitability of
cotton production, Quakers were not able to
influence many slave-owners.
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In the 1820s, a large anti-slavery movement
emerged, supported by southerners and represented
by organizations such as the American
Colonization Society.
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While those who believed in colonization opposed
slavery, they also believed that blacks and
whites could not live together in harmony.
Therefore, while they urged slave-owners to free
their slaves, they also raised money to pay for
the transportation of free blacks to West Africa.
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President James Monroe, Chief Justice John
Marshall and House Speaker Henry Clay were
supporters of the colonization movement.
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For a time, even Southern slave-owners who
rejected abolition often supported colonization
of free blacks.
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By 1860, nearly 11,000 blacks had gone to Liberia
in West Africa, and helped found and build that
country.
But most blacks refused colonization, insisting
that the U. S. was their home.
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How did those who supported colonization work
against slavery?

1. Helped runaway slaves escape to freedom.
2. Tried to demonstrate how blacks and whites could
   live side by side
3. Tried to find highly intelligent African
   Americans to show that blacks were not inferior
   to whites
4. Raised money to send freed slaves back to Africa

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William Lloyd Garrison was one of the most
uncompromising abolitionists of his day.

• He said slave-owners were evil and should not
  receive reimburse-ment for slaves freed by
  legislation.
• Abolition must be complete, immediate, and
  without compensation.

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• Garrison didn't care what other social or
  economic problems might be caused by immediate
  emancipation.
• His words were so extreme and so harsh that he
  alienated many people who might otherwise have
  supported his cause.

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In the South, Garrison was despised as one who
encouraged slaves to revolt.
Copies of his antislavery newspaper The
Liberator were banned, and a 5,000 reward was
offered to anyone who would capture Garrison and
bring him to Georgia to stand trial.
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I am aware that many object to the severity of
my language but is there not cause for severity?
I will be as harsh as truth, and as
uncompromising as justice. On this subject I do
not wish to think, or speak, or write, with
moderation. . . I will not equivocate I will
not excuse I will not retreat a single inch
and I WILL BE HEARD! -- William Lloyd Garrison
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1. How did William Lloyd Garrison work to end
slavery?

1. Published an antislavery newspaper
2. Introduced an Constitutional amendment to abolish
   slavery
3. Supported the colonization movement
4. Published a collection of newspaper articles
   detailing the horrors of slavery
5. Wrote Washington and Jefferson to urge their
   support for abolition

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Former President John Quincy Adams fought the
gag rule and supported Welds work.

• As a member of the House of Representatives, he
  read Welds antislavery petitions in Congress.
• He introduced a consti-tutional amendment to ban
  slavery throughout the United States.

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Adams also took part in the Amistad case.

• African prisoners aboard the slave ship Amistad
  had rebelled, and seized the ship.
• Adams successfully argued their case in the U.S.
  Supreme Court.
• The Africans were granted their freedom and were
  allowed to return to Africa.

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2. How did John Quincy Adams work against slavery
in Congress?

1. Introduced the gag rule
2. Introduced an amendment to abolish slavery
3. Defended the Amistad defendants
4. Published a collection of newspaper articles
   detailing the horrors of slavery
5. Read antislavery petitions in Congress

Write down the letter of every true response to
this question!
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In the North, free blacks could become involved
in the abolition movement.

• Some black abolitionists had once been slaves
  themselves, and could tell of slavery's horrors
  based on personal experience.

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Henry Highland Garnett and Frederick Douglass
were rivals for black abolitionist leadership,
and they demonstrated the divisions within
the movement.
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Henry Highland Garnett was the more militant of
the two, and as early as 1843 was calling for
slaves to rise up against their owners and make
themselves free.
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Garnett believed that any violence done by slaves
in the act of freeing themselves was justified on
the grounds of self defense.
His stated belief was that it was better to die
free than live as slaves.
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Frederick Douglass was the best orator, black or
white, in the movement. He had escaped slavery as
a youth, taught himself to read and write, and
published his Autobiography in 1845.
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• Like William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass
  published an antislavery newspaper, The North
  Star.

• He disagreed with Garnett on the role of violence
  in abolition, but not on the degrad-ations of
  slavery.

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He worked tirelessly with White politicians and
social leaders throughout the 1840s and 50s, and
beyond the Civil War.
Until his death in 1895, Douglass spoke out on
behalf of Black equality, the rights of working
people, and for the right of women to vote.
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3. What were Frederick Douglass contributions to
the abolitionist movement?

1. Published an autobiography about his life as a
   slave
2. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against
   their masters
3. Made many public speeches against slavery
4. Sponsored an antislavery amendment in Congress
5. Published an antislavery newspaper

Write down the letter of every true response to
this question!
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Black women such as Sojourner Truth and Harriet
Tubman also played major roles in the antislavery
movement.
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Sojourner Truth had been born a slave, and
although she was illiterate, Truth was a powerful
speaker who sometimes used songs she had composed
in her speeches.
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Harriet Tubman was a runaway slave from Maryland.
She aided the movement by working as a
conductor on the Underground Railroad.
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Some abolitionists helped slaves escape to
freedom along the Underground Railroad.

• Nether a railroad nor underground
• Informal network of abolitionists who hid runaway
  slaves fleeing to Canada
• Traveled secretly from house to house
• Aided by conductors (sympathetic whites and
  free blacks) along the way

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At the risk of her own freedom and safety, Tubman
returned to slave states nineteen time to guide
other blacks to freedom.
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4. How did Sojourner Truth fight for abolition?

1. Published an autobiography about her life as a
   slave
2. Worked on the Underground Railroad to help
   runaway slaves escape to freedom
3. Encouraged slaves to rise up violently against
   their masters
4. Made many public speeches against slavery
5. Published an antislavery newspaper

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5. How did runaway slaves escape to freedom on
the Underground Railroad?

1. Worked as laborers on trains until they could
   escape to a free state
2. Dug tunnels for the railway as they waited for
   the right moment to escape
3. Moved from house to house at night, working their
   way north
4. Sneaked onto trains at night as their masters
   slept and fled to freedom

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6. How did Harriet Tubman fight against slavery?

1. Read antislavery petitions in Congress
2. Published an autobiography about her life as a
   slave
3. Made many public speeches against slavery
4. Worked on the Underground Railroad to help
   runaway slaves escape to freedom
5. Published an antislavery newspaper

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Lesson 14.4b The Womens Suffrage Movement

• Today we will identify major leaders of the
  womens suffrage movement.

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Vocabulary

• suffrage the right to vote
• womens suffrage movement organized efforts to
  bring the right to vote to women
• grievance a complaint or a wrong to be righted

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What We Already Know

• Women had been very active in the abolition
  movement for years.

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What We Already Know

• Many people in that time considered those actions
  inappropriate for women.

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Underground Railroad

• Created to help runaway slaves
• Above ground series of escape routes from the
  South to the North
• Runaways traveled by night and hid by day in
  places called stations (stables, attics,
  cellars)

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Harriet Tubman

• was a conductor who risked her life
• leading people to freedom on the
• Underground Railroad
• she escaped slavery in 1849
• made 19 dangerous journeys to free
• enslaved people
• 40,000 bounty on her head
• I never lost a passenger.

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• Sojourner Truth and the Grimke sisters had given
  public speeches against slavery.

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Grimke Sisters

• Grew up on Southern plantation
• Believed slavery morally wrong
• Moved to North lectured in public against
  slavery even though women werent suppose to
  lecture in public
• Helped send petitions to Congress

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Skilled speakers, writers, and organizers began
to emerge.

• Sojourner Truth, famous for her abolitionist
  speeches, also spoke powerfully on behalf of
  womens rights.
• Maria Mitchell was a famous astronomer whose
  Quaker upbringing taught that men and women were
  intellectually equal. She helped found the
  Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873.

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Sojourner Truth

• was born a slave
• Fled in 1827 and lived with Quakers who set her
  free
• Devout Christian who spoke openly for abolition
  of slavery
• Drew huge crowds in the North when she spoke

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Women abolitionists were not always welcome.

• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were
  not allowed to speak at the World Anti-Slavery
  Convention in London in 1840, and even had to
  remain seated behind a curtain.

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Some men were sympathetic, but most men
agreed women should stay out
of public life.
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Anti-Slavery Newspapers

• The North Star

Frederick Douglass
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William Lloyd Garrison
The Liberator
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Women had few rights in the 1800s.

• Women couldnt vote, hold public office, or sit
  on juries.
• In most states, a womans property became her
  husbands when they married.
• Men who physically abused their wives were rarely
  prosecuted.

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The Seneca Falls Convention

• Inspired by their experience at the World
  Anti-Slavery Convention, Lucretia Mott and
  Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a convention to
  discuss womens rights in 1848.
• The women wrote out their complaints in a
  document modeled after the Declaration of
  Independence.

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The Declaration of Sentiments

• All men and women are created equal.
• It compared the treatment of women by men to the
  way the British king had treated the colonists.
• It contained a list of grievances and resolutions
  for change

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The Declaration of Sentiments

• The women demanded to be given . . . all the
  rights and privileges which belong to them as
  citizens of the United States.
• The Declaration of Sentiments ended with a
  call for womens suffrage.

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7. At the Seneca Falls Convention, what did the
women demand?

1. A new law outlawing alcohol
2. Equal pay with men for the same jobs
3. All the rights and privileges which belong to
   them as U.S. citizens
4. An end to slavery

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8. What did the Seneca Falls Conventions
Declaration of Sentiments declare to be true?

1. It was Gods manifest destiny that women should
   have the right to vote.
2. Men and women were created equal by God.
3. It is Gods will that women be given the right to
   vote.
4. Slavery is a sin in the eyes of God.

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The resolution on suffrage was
controversial.

• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Frederick Douglass
  both argued that voting rights would give women
  the political power they needed to win other
  rights.

• After much debate and discussion, the suffrage
  resolution narrowly passed.

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The public was not ready to accept voting rights
for women.

• Many men and some women believed that women
  were not suited to vote because women could not
  think clearly and independently.

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The public was not ready to accept voting rights
for women.

• Church leaders taught that women by nature were
  believed to be dependent on men and subordinate
  to them.

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The public was not ready to accept voting rights
for women.

• Many thought that women's place was in the home,
  caring for husband and children.
• Entry of women into political life might lead to
  disruption of the family.

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Susan B. Anthony worked in the temperance,
abolition and womens rights movements.

• Anthony was a skilled organizer who built the
  womens movement into a national organization.
• In the 1830s, she began fighting for womens
  property rights, as well as equal pay for women.
• In 1849 she began working against the use of
  alcohol.

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In 1851, Anthony met Stanton and they began
working together.

• Because Stanton wanted a more radical women's
  rights platform than just voting rights, the two
  sometimes disagreed.
• For many years, the two women crossed the nation
  giving speeches and trying to persuade the
  government that society should treat men and
  women equally.

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Anthony would give 64 of her 86 years of life to
various social movements.

• She participated in the founding of several
  womens rights organizations until 1900, when she
  retired.
• Her work led to her commemoration on a 1 coin
  from 1979 to 1999.

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• Womens suffrage would stay out of reach until
  August 18, 1920 when the 19th
  Amendment was approved...

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9. What were Elizabeth Cady Stantons
contributions to the womens rights movement?

1. She spoke out in favor of womens rights at the
   World Anti-Slavery Convention.
2. She helped the American public come to accept
   voting rights for women.
3. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
   on womens rights.
4. She helped win passage of the resolution on
   womens suffrage in the Declaration of Sentiments.

• Write down the letter of every true response to
  this question!

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10. How did Susan B. Anthony work for womens
rights?

1. She spoke out in favor of womens rights at the
   World Anti-Slavery Convention.
2. She built the womens movement into a national
   organization.
3. She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention
   on womens rights.
4. She fought for womens property rights, as well
   as equal pay for women.

• Write down the letter of every true response to
  this question!